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Hearth Tax Registers of the Łuków Land 1775–1794
Czerśl
Parish of Łuków, łukowski county.
Dear reader, remember that this is an AI study, that it may contain errors; treat it as indicative and verify it for yourself.
Propination, inns, breweries: Czerski Kazimierz (brewery, inn, propination); Izdebski Paweł (inn, propination); Miastkowski Michał (brewery, inn, propination)
spellings on the cards: Czerśl, Czersl, Czerst
district of łukowski · parish of Łuków · cards 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 5)
a village, „w której szlachta dziedzictwa i posesje różnie w częściach większości lub małości posiadają” (in which the nobility possess hereditary estates and holdings variously in parts, of greater or lesser extent) [O83 (IX)]
| Year | Source | Entries | Hearths |
|---|---|---|---|
| T75 | Hearth tax register 1775 | 11 | 19 |
| T89 | Hearth tax register 1789 | 9 | 15 |
| T90 | Hearth tax register 1790 | 10 | 18 |
| T94 | Hearth tax register 1794 | 11 | 17 |
Caveats on the years' registers (7)
What the compiler noted beside the entry itself, and what the table above does not show:
- T75 — The register of 1775 runs across two cards: entries 1-10 on card 1 (f. 613), entry 11 and the total on card 2 (f. 614). The number of hearths stands in the right-hand column; beside entry 1 it is written out in words („dymów 4”), beside the rest replaced by a repetition mark. THE ARITHMETICAL CHECK: 4+1+4+2+1+1+1+1+1+1 = 17 on card 1, plus 2 from card 2 = 19, and the card gives „Razem: 19 dymów” — IT AGREES. The card does not once set out the buildings against the hearths, so I nowhere fill the the breakdown of buildings field; the words „propinacja”, „browar”, „karczma”, „młyn” do not fall in this register. Six entries (4, 5, 6, 8, 9 and in part 4) give no forename — the card index rests content with the surname.
- T89 — The whole of T89 fits on card 3) (card no. 3 of the village); the card does not number the entries, I number them by the order of the lines. „Razem 15 dymów.” THE ARITHMETIC: 3+2+4+1+1+1+1+1+1 = 15 — it agrees. The buildings set out add up to the hearths in each entry separately. THE BUILDINGS: two BREWERIES (Michał Miastkowski, Kazimierz Czerski) and three INNS (Michał Miastkowski, Paweł Izdebski, Kazimierz Czerski); one cottage, at Czerski's, with the addition „bez ogrod.” („bez” inserted above the line). The card names neither a mill nor a distillery; the word „propinacja” is not in T89 — it falls only in T₀89 and concerns exactly those three possessors who have an inn here. There are no women in the list.
- T₀89 — The list of possessors of 1789 goes across two cards: 4 (entries 1–9) and 5 (entries 10–12, with the heading „T₀89 – c.d.”). 12 entries in all; the list by its nature gives no hearths, so the hearths figure and the total from the card are empty. THERE IS NO BRACE. The preliminary survey announced a brace with the vertical inscription „nie wysiewają 10 korcy” — on the cards of Czerśl it is not there, and there is no vertical inscription of any kind on the margins (checked after turning both edges of all my frames). The copyist wrote out this annotation SEPARATELY beside each entry, in the singular: „nie wysiewa 10 korcy” beside entries 6 and 9 (card 4) and „nie wysiewa 10 korcy” / „nie wys. 10 kor.” beside entries 10, 11 and 12 (card 5). The extent of the annotation is therefore five entries: 6, 9, 10, 11, 12; the remaining seven (1–5, 7, 8) it does not cover. PROPINATION beside three entries: 1 (Michał Miastkowski), 5 (Paweł Izdebski) and 7 (Kazimierz Czerski). The list names neither a pledge nor a mill; nor a brewery and an inn either — these stand only in T89 (card 3) and coincide with the propination: in T89 Miastkowski and Czerski have a brewery, Miastkowski, Izdebski and Czerski an inn. THERE ARE NO WOMEN IN THE LIST — all twelve entries are men's forenames in the genitive, checked one after another; there is not one husband-derived form nor one feminine ending of a surname. THE COMPARISON: T₀89 names 12 possessors, T94 (card 2) — 10 holdings plus Jan Izdebski without hearths, T89 (card 3) — 9 holdings. Jan Izdebski, added in T94 outside the numbering („bez podania dymów”), has in T₀89 an entry of his own (10); T90 on card 5) explains this by the note „Dym Jana Izdebskiego przybył po r. 1789”. Jakub Płochocki occurs here only — he is in no register of this village.
- T90 — The register of 1790 in its entirety on card 5b (f. 619). THE SIGLUM IS WRITTEN „T90 - c.d.”, ALTHOUGH NOTHING IS MISSING FROM IT: the entries are numbered from 1 to 10, and their sum (3+2+4+1+3+1+1+1+1+1 = 18) answers exactly to the total given on the card. On none of the remaining six cards of Czerśl (613-618) is there a single line of T90 — checked on full, stitched frames. I take it that the „c.d.” refers to the CARD (f. 619 is the second sheet of card 5), and not to a register broken off; were the owner to decide otherwise, one would have to look for a lost card with the beginning of T90 — but then the total of 18 would not close on entries 1-10. THE TOTAL: the card gives „Razem dymów — 18”, the figure originally written there having been thoroughly struck through (of two digits, illegible under the deletion — NOT READ), and „18” added above it and doubly underlined. The entries are written without the buildings being set out (the number of hearths alone), so I nowhere fill the the breakdown of buildings field; the words „propinacja”, „browar”, „karczma”, „młyn” do not fall in this register. The markers /pł. of./ and /n. pł. of./ I transcribe literally, without expanding them; the card index does not explain them. THE NOTE ON THE CARD, transcribed literally: „×) Dym Jana Izdebskiego przybył po r. 1789.”.
- T94 — The whole of T94 fits on card 2) (card no. 2 of the village), below the T75 closed above it. Ten numbered entries + an addition outside the numbering about Jan Izdebski without hearths; „Razem 17 dymów”. THE ARITHMETIC: 3+4+1+3+1+1+1+1+1+1 = 17 — it agrees with the card's total, but only once it is taken that the corrected figure beside entry 3 is 1, not 2 (with 2 it would come to 18). The corrections on the card (the struck-out „Jana”, the struck-out „po 1 dymie”) confirm the reduction of the entry from two persons and two hearths to one person and one hearth. In T94 there is neither propination, nor a brewery, an inn or a mill — the register gives the figures of hearths alone, without the buildings set out. There are no women in the list.
- S87 — The 1787 census in one line, at the very top of card 1 (f. 613). The name of the village written after the siglum has been STRUCK THROUGH with one horizontal stroke and reads as „Czerst” (the last letter has the distinct crossbar of a „t”, checked at a ninefold magnification); above the struck-out word the author wrote in smaller letters „Czersl”, and further on, already in the course of the line, repeated the name in brackets: „(Czerśl)”. I do not smooth the discrepancy over — both forms, „Czerst” and „Czersl”, go into the recorded variants. The figures: 57 l. + 12 ż: in all 69 l.; „69 l.” underlined; 57 + 12 = 69, the card agrees with itself. The card names no dissidents. The parish of ŁUKÓW is not covered by Fr. B. Kumor's printed edition (ABMK 39/1979 covers the parish of Trzebieszów), so there is NO second, independent check of the figure of the population. The figures are recorded in the village's the 1787 census field.
- V48 — The cartographic lines of the village of Czerśl in their entirety: ONE line on card 3 (f. 616), made up of two notes — „V48 - Czersl. ; MK - Czerst”. Of lines „Per.”/„P.”/„Perth.”, „Held.”, „Top.”, „MP”, „Ls”, „St.89” at Czerśl THERE IS NOT ONE — checked on full, stitched frames of all seven cards of the village (613-619), and not on the heading frames alone.
The card-index entries
Every extract for this locality in the wording of the cards, year by year. One block is one occurrence: this person, in this year. At a collective item the same card text stands beside every person named — because the card names them together and they must not be separated. The hearths given at a collective item are an equal division among those named, not a reading.
1775 T75Hearth tax register 1775
The forename is written on the card with „oy”: „Woyciecha”.
A DISCREPANCY WITHIN ONE CARD, and I do not smooth it over: in entry 1 the surname is written „Miastkowskiego” (with a clear „st” ligature and a crossbar on the „t”), and in entry 2, a line lower, „Miaskowskiego” — WITHOUT the „t”. Checked at sixteenfold magnification with both lines side by side: in entry 1 between „Mias” and „kowskiego” stands a tall stem with a crossbar, in entry 2 there is none. On card 3 (T89, f. 616) and on card 5b (T90, f. 619) the same man is written „Miastkowskiego”, and nazwiska.json knows only the form „Miastkowski” — therefore in the surname I give „Miastkowski”, while the literal wording of the card remains in the text of the extract and here. The form „Miaskowski” is to be reported as a new variant.
The card gives the surname alone in the plural — „Kalickich” — without forenames and without saying how many of them there are. I enter one person without a forename; the number of co-owners does not follow from this entry. This is not a form derived from a husband's name, and so the recorded form of the name is left empty.
The card gives no forename. In T94 (card 2) and in T90 (card 5) the same holding belongs to „Ludwika Oknińskiego” — I do not, however, carry the forename over into this entry, because T75 is a year fifteen years earlier.
The card gives no forename. The surname is written on the card „Sczygielskiego” — with a bare „Sc-”, without a „z” after the „S”; nazwiska.json knows this form as a variant of the heading „Szczygielski”, and therefore in the surname I give the standard form, while the wording of the card remains in the text of the extract.
The card gives no forename. The disputed letter between „ła” and „skiego” was read at first as an „n” („Gołanskiego”); it was settled by setting it beside the word „Rozwadowskiego” from entry 9 of the same card, written with the same pen and in the same line of script: in this hand a „w” has the shape of two rounded arcs, identical with the character in the disputed place, whereas an „n” in this hand (for example in „Antoniego”, entry 1) is distinctly narrower and has a different angle of entry. I therefore read „Goławskiego”. The form falls under the heading „Goławski” of SLOWNIK-OKOLICY and of nazwiska.json (variants: Gołaski, Gotaski).
The card gives no forename; in T94 (card 2) and T90 (card 5) this holding belongs to „Adama Rozwadowskiego”.
The entry already stands on card 2 (f. 614), in the top line, under the siglum „T75 (c.d.)”. Directly beneath it, on the right, the total of the whole register: „Razem: 19 dymów.” — the figure „19” underlined twice.
1789 T89Hearth tax register 1789
the word „bez” added above the line, inserted with an arc before „ogrod.”
the same entry also names: Izdebski Wojciech2 persons on 1 hearth
two persons on one hearth — the card names one manor house for the joint holding
the same entry also names: Izdebski Jan2 persons on 1 hearth
two persons on one hearth — the card names one manor house for the joint holding
the same entry also names: Jastrzębski Paweł2 persons on 1 hearth
two persons on one hearth
the same entry also names: Jastrzębski Józef2 persons on 1 hearth
two persons on one hearth
1789 T₀89List of possessors of holdings of 1789
the same entry also names: Płochocki Jakub2 persons on a holding without hearths
the holding of Płochocki held in possession by the Ludwik Okniński named above („tegoż”) — hence the second person in the entry without a forename. The form „Płochockiego” agrees with the standard form from nazwiska.json.
the same entry also names: Okniński2 persons on a holding without hearths
the holding of Płochocki held in possession by the Ludwik Okniński named above („tegoż”) — hence the second person in the entry without a forename. The form „Płochockiego” agrees with the standard form from nazwiska.json.
1790 T90Hearth tax register 1790
In the surname the middle letters („stk”) are outlined a second time with a thicker stroke — a correction by the author; the result reads unambiguously „Miastkowskiego”. The figure „3” is likewise written a second time over the former one, more thickly; the reading „3” is certain and agrees with the card's own total.
The only entry without the sign „×” before the number. On the right-hand side of this line, level with the number of hearths, stands „18” — this is the corrected total of the whole register, added above the struck-out figure in the line „Razem dymów”.
the same entry also names: Izdebski Wojciech2 persons on 2 hearths
The surname „Izdebskich” is added ABOVE THE LINE OF SCRIPT, in smaller writing, with a horizontal stroke beneath it (an insertion mark); before it, also above the line, the reference „×)”. The note at the foot of the card explains: „×) Dym Jana Izdebskiego przybył po r. 1789.” — that is, the second of the two hearths of this holding came only between the register of 1789 and that of 1790. This agrees with T89 on card 3 (f. 616), where the same holding („cz. Wojciecha i Jana Izdebskich”) has as yet only 1 manor house. Two persons, two hearths — the card says plainly „po 1 dymie”.
the same entry also names: Izdebski Jan2 persons on 2 hearths
The surname „Izdebskich” is added ABOVE THE LINE OF SCRIPT, in smaller writing, with a horizontal stroke beneath it (an insertion mark); before it, also above the line, the reference „×)”. The note at the foot of the card explains: „×) Dym Jana Izdebskiego przybył po r. 1789.” — that is, the second of the two hearths of this holding came only between the register of 1789 and that of 1790. This agrees with T89 on card 3 (f. 616), where the same holding („cz. Wojciecha i Jana Izdebskich”) has as yet only 1 manor house. Two persons, two hearths — the card says plainly „po 1 dymie”.
The ending of the surname („-ego”) is blotted by a second stroke of the pen, a blot; the reading of the whole is nevertheless certain.
the same entry also names: Jastrzębski Paweł2 persons on 1 hearth
TWO PERSONS ON ONE HEARTH — the card names Józef and Paweł Jastrzębski in a joint holding and gives beside it „dym 1” (without the phrase „po 1 dymie”, which stands beside entry 2). T94 on card 2 counts this holding in the same way („cz. Józefa i Pawła Jastrzębskich — 1 dym”), and so does T89 on card 3 („cz. Józefa i Pawła Jastrzębskich: 1 dwór”). In this one entry the marker stands AFTER the number of hearths, not before it.
the same entry also names: Jastrzębski Józef2 persons on 1 hearth
TWO PERSONS ON ONE HEARTH — the card names Józef and Paweł Jastrzębski in a joint holding and gives beside it „dym 1” (without the phrase „po 1 dymie”, which stands beside entry 2). T94 on card 2 counts this holding in the same way („cz. Józefa i Pawła Jastrzębskich — 1 dym”), and so does T89 on card 3 („cz. Józefa i Pawła Jastrzębskich: 1 dwór”). In this one entry the marker stands AFTER the number of hearths, not before it.
In the middle of the surname („-ni-”) a second stroke of the pen is visible; the reading „Oknińskiego” is certain and agrees with the writing of the same surname in T94 on card 2.
„sukces.” = sukcesorowie, the successors; Antoni Kalicki is by 1790 no longer alive. T94 on card 2 counts this holding in the same way („cz. sukc. Antoniego Kalickiego — 1 dym”).
A NEW SURNAME, unknown both to nazwiska.json and to SLOWNIK-OKOLICY. I read it letter by letter at twelvefold magnification: S-o-b-e-s-z-c-z-y-a-n-s-kiego, that is „Sobeszczyański”; above the „n” a small mark, which may be a softening stroke („ń”) or a trace of the pen [reading uncertain as to the softening, not as to the rest of the word]. The same surname occurs in T94 on card 2 (entry 10, the assignment of colleague B) — the two readings are worth setting side by side at the merging. THE MARKER: the author first wrote „/pł. of./”, and then added above the line a small „n” before „pł.” — I therefore read „n. pł. of.”.
1794 T94Hearth tax register 1794
the surname „Łobeszczański” [reading uncertain]. On this card the first letter has a distinct crossbar through the loop — and the same hand, with the same blue pen, writes „Ludwika” in line 7 without a crossbar, and so distinguishes L from Ł; hence the reading Ł. A DISCREPANCY BETWEEN THE SOURCES: T90 on card 5) (the portion of colleague A) gives the same Józef as „Sobeszczyjanskiego” — in a black pen, with an indisputable S and with an additional „yj”. I do not smooth this over: I transcribe what stands on my card, and report it to be resolved. Neither form is attested in SLOWNIK-OKOLICY.md or in karty.json (the nearest heading, „Sobieszowski”, is a remote form).
an addition outside the numbering: the card says plainly that no hearths were given, and so the entry does not enter the total of 17
the entry corrected on the card: the forename „Jana” struck out, and the phrase „po 1 dymie” as well, the figure of hearths altered (2 → 1). The reading of the figure is in itself ambiguous [reading uncertain], but the card's own total decides it: the remaining nine entries give 16, and „Razem 17 dymów” requires 1 here. Jan Izdebski returns lower down as „nadto podany … bez podania dymów”.
the same entry also names: Jastrzębski Paweł2 persons on 1 hearth
two persons on one hearth — the card gives one figure for the joint holding
the same entry also names: Jastrzębski Józef2 persons on 1 hearth
two persons on one hearth — the card gives one figure for the joint holding
This locality in the full edition of the hearth-tax registers — together with a search across all persons, a modern map, Perthées’s engraving of 1786 and a statistical summary.
