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Hearth Tax Registers of the Łuków Land 1775–1794

Gołąbki

Parish of Łuków, łukowski county.

Dear reader, remember that this is an AI study, that it may contain errors; treat it as indicative and verify it for yourself.

Offices: Jezierski Jan (former land scribe of Łuków (expisarz ziemski łukowski)

Propination, inns, breweries: Jezierski Franciszek (propination); Jezierski Jan (brewery, inn)

More than five hearths in one hand: Jezierski Jan (20)

Extracts from outside the registers

Records under sigla which the card index does not expand. They give no hearths, so they enter no total.

Pert.card 1)Pert. Jeziory-Gołąbki

note: The siglum „Pert.” (Perthées's map) from outside the list of eight — it does not enter the reckoning of hearths. The extract is the name of the village alone, without hearths and without persons. The reading is certain, checked at a threefold magnification: „P”, „e”, „r”, „t” with a crossbar, a full stop; then „Jeziory” with a distinct „J” with a long descender and a „y” below the line, a hyphen-stroke, „Gołąbki” with an ogonek at the „ą”. THE MEANING: Perthées's map records this settlement under a TWO-PART name, „Jeziory-Gołąbki”, just as T75 in the line above — whereas the heading, V48, Held. and Top. give „Gołąbki” alone. This is precisely the trail that returns on card.

Held.card 1)Held. Gołąbki.

note: The siglum „Held.” (Heldensfeld's map) from outside the list of eight — it does not enter the reckoning of hearths. The name of the village alone, in the ONE-PART form „Gołąbki”, with a full stop. The reading is certain: „H” with a loop, „e”, „l” with a tall staff, „d”, a full stop.

Top.card 1)Top. Gołąbki.

note: The siglum „Top.” (the topographic map) from outside the list of eight — it does not enter the reckoning of hearths. The name of the village alone, in the one-part form „Gołąbki”, with a full stop. The reading is certain.

ob.card 2)ob. karczma Gołąbska.

note: A line from outside the list of eight sigla — it does not enter the reckoning of hearths. It gives neither hearths nor any person. ¶ THE WORD „KARCZMA” — THE READING IS CERTAIN. Checked at a sevenfold magnification, letter by letter: „k” with a loop, „a”, „r”, „c”, „z” with a descender, a three-arched „m”, „a”. Not one of the letters raises a doubt. The adjectival name „Gołąbska.” is equally certain („G”, „o”, „ł” with a separate horizontal stroke above the letter — that is how this hand writes „ł” throughout the collection — „ą” with an ogonek, „b”, „s”, „k”, „a”, a full stop). ¶ WHAT „ob.” IS — I DO NOT SETTLE. Two letters and a full stop, underlined; the „o” and the „b” are legible, the full stop distinct, the underlining is a separate, thick stroke beneath both letters, and not a flourish of the „b”. Two possibilities, and I prejudge neither: (1) it is an abbreviation of „obecnie”, at present, and the line is an addition by the compiler of the card index to O83 („obecnie karczma Gołąbska”) — for this speak the content and the fact that the same compiler writes „obecnie” in the heading of card 1) (Piaski Lipniak); (2) it is an independent siglum of a source from outside the list — for this speak the underlining and the position at the left-hand margin, where in this card index the sigla stand (cf. „MP”, „Ls”, „St.89” on cards 8)–593 of Łuków). Since the line does not fit into any of the eight sigla, I record it here — whichever of the solutions is the true one, its content is the same. ¶ THE MEANING: this is the first of two mentions of an inn at Gołąbki. The second, the fuller one, stands on card („NB. – Karczma Gołąbki…”). Both speak of the inn as a separate object, bearing a name of its own.

MPMP – Karczma Gołąbski

note: A siglum from outside the list of eight — it does not enter the reckoning of hearths; without hearths and without persons. ¶ THE WORD „KARCZMA” — THE READING IS CERTAIN. Checked at a 4.5-fold magnification, letter by letter: a capital „K”, with a loop and a separate foot, „a”, „r”, „c”, „z” with a descender, a three-arched „m”, „a”. Not one of the letters raises a doubt; the word stands by itself, written broadly, it is not abbreviated. ¶ THE ENDING „-ski”, NOT „-ska” — THE READING IS CERTAIN AND THE DISCREPANCY IS LEFT AS IT STANDS ON THE CARD. At a sixfold magnification the last four characters are „b” (a tall loop), „s”, „k” (a loop with a foot) and „i” — above the last letter stands a DISTINCT DOT. For comparison, the same word in the sixth line of the same card („O83(IX) – Karczma Gołąbska;”) ends with the closed bowl of an „a” and there is no dot above it. The card thus gives both forms, the masculine and the feminine, and so I record it — I do not smooth „Gołąbski” to „Gołąbska”. The masculine form beside the feminine noun „karczma” is syntactically odd; most probably the compiler of the card index copied an inscription from a map or wrote in a mental shorthand („Karczma Gołąbski[ch]”?), but I do not settle that myself. ¶ The line ends without a mark of punctuation — unlike the five others, which are closed with a semicolon. ¶ THE PRELIMINARY SURVEY ANNOUNCED HERE „NB. – Karczma Gołąbki…” — on the card there is nothing of the kind; see the the note of the card.

MHMH – niema;

note: A siglum from outside the list of eight — without hearths and without persons. The word „niema” is written ON THE CARD AS ONE WORD, in the old fashion, and so I transcribe it (today's „nie ma”). The reading is certain at a 2.4-fold magnification; at the end a semicolon. The sense of the line: on this map there is NO inn — that is, it is a negative testimony, noted by the compiler of the card index as carefully as the positive attestations.

M.KM.K – Kar. i znak na karczmę k. wsi Gołąbki;

note: A siglum from outside the list of eight — without hearths and without persons. ¶ THE WORD „KARCZMĘ” — THE READING IS CERTAIN. Checked under magnification, letter by letter: „k”, „a”, „r”, „c”, „z” with a descender, a three-arched „m”, „ę” with an ogonek. The accusative, because the word stands after the preposition „na”. ¶ THE ABBREVIATION „Kar.” — THE READING IS CERTAIN AS TO THE LETTERS: a capital „K”, „a”, „r”, a full stop (checked at a 2.5-fold magnification). I do not prejudge the expansion in the the text of the extract field and transcribe the abbreviation literally; that „Karczma” is meant follows from the same line, which two words further writes „karczmę” in full. The line says, then, that the map has in this place both an INSCRIPTION and a SIGN of an inn. ¶ „k. wsi Gołąbki” — the abbreviation „k.” I do not expand (one thinks of „koło wsi Gołąbki”, near the village of Gołąbki, but that is my understanding, not the writing of the card). The name of the village in the one-part form „Gołąbki”, the reading certain. The phrase „k. wsi Gołąbki” returns on this card three times (lines 3, 4 and 5) and each time sets the inn BESIDE the village, as a separate object.

1:75.0001:75.000 – W.H. – k. wsi Gołąbki;

note: The line opens not with a name but with the SCALE of the map — „1:75.000”, the figures legible beyond doubt. To the list of eight sigla this does not belong, so the line stands here. ¶ „W.H.” — THE READING OF THE LETTERS IS CERTAIN at a threefold magnification: „W” (two full arches), a full stop, „H” (two stems with a crossbar), a full stop. I DO NOT PREJUDGE THE EXPANSION and in the text of the extract I leave the abbreviation alone. One thinks of the German „W[irts]H[aus]”, that is an inn or a wayside inn — inns were marked with such an abbreviation on the Austrian special maps at 1:75.000, and the whole line („W.H. – k. wsi Gołąbki”) is built exactly like the neighbouring lines, which speak of an inn outright. That, however, is MY UNDERSTANDING OF THE ABBREVIATION, and not a reading: the card writes „W.H.” and nothing more. Reported for the owner of the work to settle.

1:200.0001:200.000 – znak na karczmę k. wsi Gołąbki;

note: The line opens with the scale of the map — „1:200.000”; to the list of eight sigla it does not belong. ¶ THE WORD „KARCZMĘ” — THE READING IS CERTAIN, checked under magnification („k”, „a”, „r”, „c”, „z”, „m”, „ę” with an ogonek); the same word and the same formula as in the line „M.K”. The map has no inscription here, only a SIGN (a symbol) of an inn — the compiler of the card index distinguishes this from the line „M.K”, where he noted both an inscription and a sign. „k. wsi Gołąbki” as above, I do not expand the abbreviation.

spellings on the cards: Jeziory Gołąbki, Jeziory-Gołąbki

district of łukowski · parish of Łuków · cards 1), 2)

a hereditary village of Jan Jezierski, former land scribe of Łuków (expisarz ziemski łukowski); the Gołąbska inn; propination [O83 (IX), T₀89]

Population 1787

240

of whom Christians

230

of whom Jews

persons per hearth

16.0

Year	Source	Entries	Hearths
T75	Hearth tax register 1775	2	20
T89	Hearth tax register 1789	1	20
T90	Hearth tax register 1790	1	15
T94	Hearth tax register 1794	1	15

These years count more here than the locality itself: 1775 — „Jeziory Gołąbki” — a holding joined with the property in Jeziory. Such a figure must not be set beside the other years as two measurements of the same locality — these are different units of account, not a loss of hearths.

Caveats on the years' registers (8)

What the compiler noted beside the entry itself, and what the table above does not show:

T75 — The register of 1775 gives this village ONE collective line, without a division into holdings and without possessors: „Jeziory Gołąbki, z., dymów 20.”. The figure „20” is underlined on the card and is at once the figure of this one entry and the whole of what T75 gives Gołąbki — for that reason I enter it as the total from the card as well.
T75 — The only line of content on card. It is not a register extract with hearths, but an ATTESTATION OF THE FORM OF THE NAME: the compiler of the card index notes that the village which in the heading of this card he called „Jeziory Gołąbki” is „połn[ocne]. Gołąbki”, and refers to the source — T75. The line gives neither hearths nor persons, and for that reason the total from the card is empty and the hearths figure is empty; the T75 figure of hearths for this village (20) stands on card 1) and was recorded there — here I DO NOT REPEAT IT, so as not to count it twice. ¶ THE SIGLUM STANDS AT THE END OF THE LINE, not at its beginning — otherwise than on all the remaining cards of this village. That is because the line is a cross-reference and not an extract: first the name, then the source. „T̄75”: above the „T” runs a horizontal stroke (it is not a subscript „0” as in T₀89 — the stroke is straight and lies ABOVE the letter, and not beside its foot), then a distinct „75”. The siglum I record in the form of the list, „T75”, and the form from the card remains in the card heading and in the text of the extract.
T89 — The register of 1789 — one line for the whole village, with the buildings set out. The figure „20 d.” is doubly underlined; it is at once the figure of this one entry and the whole of the extract, hence entered as the total from the card too. A DISCREPANCY OF THE YEARS, NOT AN ERROR OF READING: T89 (1789) gives 20 hearths, T90 (1790) and T94 (1794) — 15 each, and T75 (1775) — 20. All four figures are underlined on the card and all are read with certainty. The difference comes most probably from T89 counting Jezierski's holding TOGETHER with his holding in the village of Jeziory („z rzescią na wsi Jeziorach złączono”), while T90 and T94 do not do so — but the card does not say so outright and I do not settle it myself.
T₀89 — A list of the possessors of holdings from 1789 — without hearths, as the nature of this source requires (the hearths figure empty). The extract takes up two lines: the first runs across the whole width of the card, the second („propinacja;”) is indented and forms its continuation, and not a separate entry.
T90 — The register of 1790 gives this village one single line — the whole village in one hand. The figure „15” is DOUBLY UNDERLINED and is at once the figure of this one entry and the whole of what T90 gives Gołąbki — for that reason I enter it as the total from the card as well.
T94 — The register of 1794 — likewise one line for the whole village. The figure „15” is underlined; it is at once the figure of this one entry and the whole of the extract, hence entered as the total from the card as well. The agreement with T90 (also 15 hearths) is literal — both registers give the same figure and the same possessor.
O83 — The siglum I record in the reckoning of hearths as „O83” (without the Roman part), in accordance with the rule of the list of eight; the full form from the card — „O83 (IX)” — stands in the card heading and in the the sections of the card of the card.
O83 — The sixth, last line of the addition from card — the only one on this card under a siglum from the list of eight, and for that reason it alone stands in the reckoning of hearths; the five remaining lines (MP, MH, M.K, 1:75.000, 1:200.000) have been recorded in the extracts outside the list of sources of the card. The siglum I record as „O83”, in accordance with the rule of the list; the full form from the card — „O83(IX)” — stands in the card heading, in the text of the extract and in the the sections of the card of the card. The same Roman part „(IX)” as at the O83 on card 2). O83 gives no hearths.

The card-index entries

Every extract for this locality in the wording of the cards, year by year. One block is one occurrence: this person, in this year. At a collective item the same card text stands beside every person named — because the card names them together and they must not be separated. The hearths given at a collective item are an equal division among those named, not a reading.

1789 T89Hearth tax register 1789

JezierskiJanformer land scribe of Łuków (expisarz ziemski łukowski)

T8920 hearths1 manor house, 1 brewery, 2 inn, 16 cottagesT89 – Jana Jezierskiego z rzescią na wsi Jeziorach złączono: 1 dwór, 1 browar, 2 karcz., 16 chat. o 1 gosp., = 20 d.card 1)

THE RECKONING: 1 manor house + 1 brewery + 2 inns + 16 cottages = 20 hearths, and the card gives „= 20 d.” and underlines this figure twice. ¶ THE KEY WORDS — THE READING IS CERTAIN. „1 browar” checked at fourfold magnification, letter by letter („b” with a tall loop, „r”, „o”, a two-arched „w”, „a”, „r”), without a shadow of doubt. „2 karcz.” — the abbreviation of „karczmy”, checked at sevenfold magnification („k”, „a”, „r”, „c”, „z” with a descender, a full stop); the figure before it is an unambiguous cursive two, compared with the two in „20”; the reading is certain. The word „propinacja” is not on this card at all. ¶ „o 1 gosp.” — the figure before „gosp.” is on the card THICKLY REWORKED with a second stroke of the pen (the character flooded with ink, beneath it the trace of an earlier figure visible). I read „1”, because (a) such is the constant formula of this hand throughout the card index („o 1 gos./gosp.”), and (b) only with „o 1 gosp.” does the reckoning 1+1+2+16 give the declared 20 hearths; with „o 2 gosp.” the total would not come out. The correction itself is recorded; the reading of the number of hearths is not endangered by it. ¶ „z rzescią na wsi Jeziorach” [reading uncertain as to the first word] — the same formula, just as uncertain, already stands in the card index at other villages: „z rzeszczą na wsi Pogonowie” (Krasusy Łęcznowola, T89) and „z rzescią na wsi Sokulu” (Sokule, T89), where it was understood as „z resztą [dóbr] na wsi X”. The letters after the first are clear: „-rescią” with an ogonek at the „ą”; the word opens with a character which may equally well be a „w” as an „rz”. The sense is in both cases the same: Jezierski's holding is counted together with his estate in the village of Jeziory. ¶ „złączono” — the reading is certain as to the ending („-o n o” before the colon, checked at sevenfold magnification); beneath the „a” an ogonek is added with a second stroke of the pen, and so „złączono”. The same hand uses this verb in an identical construction at other villages („z częścią na wsi Wierzejkach złączona”, „z częściami na wsi Choi złączona”). ¶ THE CROSS-REFERENCE TO JEZIORY: the village of Jeziory has its own cards in the card index (659–662) and is worked up separately; this entry I do NOT carry over to them and I do not divide the hearths — I record them where they stand, that is under Gołąbki, and I signal the connection.

1789 T₀89List of possessors of holdings of 1789

JezierskiFranciszek

T₀89propination (the right to sell drink)T₀89 – ws. Jeziory i Gołąbki – Franciszka Jezierskiego; propinacja;card 2)

THE WORD „PROPINACJA” — THE READING IS CERTAIN. The second line, indented, written broadly and cleanly; checked at fivefold magnification, letter by letter: „p” with a descender, „r”, „o”, „p” with a descender, „i” with a dot, „n”, „a”, „c”, „j” with a dot and a descender, „a”, and after it a semicolon. No character raises a doubt. The word stands without closer description — the card does not say how much the propination yielded nor who held it on lease. ¶ A DISCREPANCY OF THE FORENAME — RECORDED, NOT SMOOTHED OVER. T₀89 calls the possessor FRANCISZEK Jezierski, whereas O83 on the same card and T89, T90, T94 on card 1) speak of JAN Jezierski. The reading „Franciszka” is certain (checked at fourfold magnification: „F” with a crossbar, „r”, „a”, „n”, „c”, „i”, „s”, „z”, „k”, „a”); the first letter is reworked with a second stroke of the pen — beneath the „F” the trace of an earlier, unfinished character is visible — but the „F” itself and the rest of the word raise no doubt. I DO NOT MERGE the forenames and I correct neither into the other: these are two different sources, and they may speak of two different men of one family, or of a change of hand in the course of the year. A matter for the owner of the work to resolve. ¶ THE NAME: the extract names „ws. Jeziory i Gołąbki” — two members joined by the conjunction „i”, and not in one run as in T75 and O83. This is the third way of writing this pair of names on the two cards, and the only one which suggests TWO settlements, and not one two-part name. I do not decide it myself — I signal it. The abbreviation „ws.” (with a stroke over the „s”, that is „wś.”) I understand as „wieś”, a village, but I transcribe it literally.

1790 T90Hearth tax register 1790

JezierskiJanformer land scribe of Łuków (expisarz ziemski łukowski)

T9015 hearthspł. of.T90 . cz. Jana Jezierskiego /pł. of./ – dymów 15card 1)

The marker „/pł. of./” is transcribed literally, I do not expand it. The surname „Jezierskiego” is legible at 2.4-fold magnification: „J” with a long descender (the same shape as in „Jeziory” two lines higher), „e”, „z”, „i”, „e”, „r”, „s”, „k”, „i”, „e”, „g”, „o” — the reading is certain. The surname is obviously formed from the name of the neighbouring Jeziory, and at this village it returns in T94 and T89 of the same card. Before the siglum and after it stands a full stop („T90 .”).

1794 T94Hearth tax register 1794

JezierskiJanformer land scribe of Łuków (expisarz ziemski łukowski)

T9415 hearthsT94. – Jana Jezierskiego — 15 dymów. –card 1)

The line repeats neither the name of the village nor the word „cz.” — it begins straight with the genitive „Jana Jezierskiego”. The card gives here neither a marker nor an office. At the end of the line a dash, as at the closing of an extract.

O83 O83A description of 1783 [the expansion of the siglum to be confirmed]

JezierskiJanformer land scribe of Łuków (expisarz ziemski łukowski)

O83hereditary ownerhereditary ownerO83 (IX) – Jeziory Gołąbki, wieś dziedziczna Jana Jezierskiego, expisarza ziemskiego Łukowskiego. (kilka razy używa nazwy samej tylko „Gołąbki”);card 2)

O83 gives no hearths — the hearths figure empty. ¶ THE NAME OF THE VILLAGE: the extract names it in TWO PARTS — „Jeziory Gołąbki” — and itself notes at once that the source „kilka razy używa nazwy samej tylko «Gołąbki»”. This remark in brackets is the key one for the whole village: it confirms that both forms of the name („Jeziory Gołąbki” and „Gołąbki”) denote in O83 ONE AND THE SAME place, and not two. The word „używa” was checked at sevenfold magnification: „u”, „ż” with a dot above the letter, „y”, „w”, „a” — the reading is certain. The quotation marks at „Gołąbki” are on the card, in the shape of a lower and an upper sign, and so I transcribe them. ¶ THE OFFICE: „expisarza ziemskiego Łukowskiego”. The word „expisarza” was checked at sixfold magnification and read with certainty: „e”, „x” (a loop with a stroke through it), „p” with a descender, „i”, „s”, „a”, „r”, „z”, „a”. The prefix „ex-” means that Jezierski was a FORMER land scribe of Łuków, not one in office — so I record it in the field the office („expisarz ziemski łukowski”) and I do not smooth it to „pisarz ziemski łukowski”. The adjective „Łukowskiego” is written on the card with a capital letter, with a horizontal stroke over „Łuk” (this is the stroke of the letter „ł”, not a mark of abbreviation); in the office I normalise it to a small letter, in accordance with the usage of the collection. ¶ THE PERSON: Jan Jezierski — the same whom T89, T90 and T94 on card 1) point to as the possessor of the whole village. I do not merge the years; I record the person as this extract names him. NOTE THE DIFFERENCE OF FORENAME: T₀89 on the same card gives FRANCISZEK Jezierski, not Jan — see there.

This locality in the full edition of the hearth-tax registers — together with a search across all persons, a modern map, Perthées’s engraving of 1786 and a statistical summary.