Separate entries for persons
2
Occurrences on the cards
10
„Separate entries for persons” means: separate entries of a given name with a surname and a byname, not persons proved to have existed. The same man recorded in four registers is one entry, but two namesakes from the same village are sometimes impossible to tell apart, and over twenty years a parcel could pass to a son of the same name. The hearths given at a collective entry are an equal division among those named — a calculation, not a reading.
| Year | Source | Entries | Persons | Hearths |
|---|
| 1789 | Hearth tax register 1789 | 3 | 1 | 117,7 |
| 1789 | List of possessors of holdings of 1789 | 1 | 1 | — |
| 1790 | Hearth tax register 1790 | 4 | 2 | 27,0 |
| 1794 | Hearth tax register 1794 | 1 | 1 | 9,0 |
The year 1789 stands twice in the table, and rightly so: these are two different sources. The register gives the hearths, the list of parcel-holders does not — which is why the list carries a dash and not a zero, and the hearths of 1789 are not counted twice.
No entry from 1775. This is the absence of the surname in the cards transcribed so far, not proof that the family was not there then: in the card file the 1794 register covers fewer villages than the others, and the 1775 one sometimes counts a whole starosty in a single entry, without surnames.
Where the surname occurs
The localities in which the card file records this surname, with the number of entries and of the hearths falling to it in each village.
offices and dignities starost of Łuków (starosta łukowski) starost of Zwoleń (starosta zwoliński)
establishments recorded with this surname brewery Łuków inn Cieszkowizna propination (the right to sell drink) Cieszkowizna
The card-index entries
All the extracts for this surname in the wording of the cards. One block is one occurrence: this person, in this register. In a collective entry the same text of the card stands beside every person named — because the card names them together, and they must not be separated.
Cieszkowiznaparafia Łuków
DłuskiSebastianstarost of Łuków (starosta łukowski)
1789Hearth tax register 1789
T898 · share of 2.671 manor house, 2 small manor houses, 2 inns, 3 cottageshereditary ownerhereditary ownerT89 Cięszkowizna. Sebastjana Dłuskiego starosty łukow. 1 dwór, 1 dworek gdzie mieszka felczer Gutman, 1 dworek gdzie mieszka p. Plewicki, 2 karcz., 3 chat. z ogrod. = 8 d.card 2)
the same entry also names: Gutman, Plewicki3 persons on 8 hearths
The total given by the card („= 8 d.”, underlined with two strokes) agrees with the breakdown of the buildings: 1 manor house + 2 small manor houses + 2 inns + 3 cottages = 8. TWO INNS against the eight hearths of the whole village — the numeral „2” before „karcz.” is clear. The preposition „z” in „3 chat. z ogrod.” is added in small writing above the line. This extract is the continuation of the heading „T89 Cięszkowizna” begun and STRUCK OUT at the foot of card — the compiler began it on the first card, ran out of room and moved the whole onto the second card.
the forename on the card in the form „Sebastjana”
DłuskiSebastianstarost of Łuków (starosta łukowski)
1789List of possessors of holdings of 1789
T₀89hereditary ownerpropination (the right to sell drink)hereditary ownerT₀89 – Cieszkowizna w par. Łuków – dziedz. Sebastjana Dłuskiego, star. łukowskiego; propinacja;card 2)
A list of possessors from 1789, without hearths — `dymy: null`, as with every T₀89. PROPINATION: the word „propinacja” stands on the card plainly, as the last member of the extract, after a semicolon. This is the only place in this group of three cards where the parish is written out in the body, and not only on the heading strip („w par. Łuków”) — hence the certainty that Cieszkowizna belongs to the parish of Łuków, independently of the reading of the heading.
the forename on the card in the form „Sebastjana”
DłuskiSebastianstarost of Łuków (starosta łukowski)
1790Hearth tax register 1790
T909 hearthspł. of.hereditary ownerT90. Cięszkowizna. Sebastjana Dłuskiego starosty łukowskiego część dziedzictwa; /pł. of./ dymów 9
The whole village as one hereditary holding of a single owner — the card does not break it up among part-holders. The phrase „część dziedzictwa”, hence the annotation „dziedzic”. The marker between slashes: I read „/pł. of./”; certain is only that the abbreviation begins with a „p” — [reading uncertain]. The office („starosty łukowskiego”) is at variance with card, where the same Dłuski is called in T90 „starostą zwolińskim”.
the forename on the card in the form „Sebastjana”; the marker between slashes small and running together — „/pł. of./” [reading uncertain]
DłuskiSebastianstarost of Łuków (starosta łukowski)
1794Hearth tax register 1794
T949 hearthsT94.. – Cięszkowizna, wieś Sebestjana Dłuskiego – 9 dymów. –
The figure „9” is underlined with two strokes. This extract gives no office. After the siglum „T94” the card sets two dots.
the forename on the card in the form „Sebestjana” — with an „e” in the second syllable, otherwise than in the remaining extracts („Sebastjana”, „Sebastyana”); checked at sixfold magnification
Łukówparafia Łuków
DłuskiSebastianstarost of Łuków (starosta łukowski)
1789Hearth tax register 1789
T89115 hearthspossessorpossessorT89 — miasto, król., poses. Sebastjan Dłuski star. łukowski, a) miasto: 14 d. we dworach szlach., 7 browarów, 7 d. żyd., 46 d. gospodarzy grunta mających, 15 d. ogrodow. z /…/, 15 d. ogrod. bez ogrodu; 4 d. fabryczne, 7 d. rzemieśl.card 2)
What this figure means. The hundred and fifteen hearths are the whole royal town, of which Dłuski was the life tenant as starosta of Łuków — not his own houses. The same entry goes on to itemise what the figure is made of: noble manors, breweries, Jewish houses, householders’ houses. In the index of persons it stands beside his name, because that is how it stands on the card.
I DELIBERATELY DO NOT FILL THE FIELD the breakdown of buildings — just as at Zbuczyn (card): the breakdown of the card does not consist of buildings alone. Of the eight components only two are buildings („14 d. we dworach szlach.” and „7 browarów”), the rest are TAX CATEGORIES of the townsmen and of the Jews: 7 d. żyd., 46 d. gospodarzy grunta mających, 15 d. ogrodow. z /…/, 15 d. ogrod. bez ogrodu, 4 d. fabryczne, 7 d. rzemieśl. To enter them in the breakdown of buildings would be over-interpretation. THE RECKONING: 14 + 7 + 7 + 46 + 15 + 15 + 4 + 7 = 115. NOTE: THE CARD DOES NOT GIVE the figure 115 — it gives only the final total „Razem: 122 d.” for a) + b) + c); 115 is therefore calculated from the components and confirmed by the fact that 115 + 1 + 6 = 122 to a single hearth. SEVEN BREWERIES in the town itself is the highest number of breweries in this whole card index — the writing „7 browarów” checked under magnification; it stands without the abbreviation „d.”, unlike the neighbouring entries, but it enters the reckoning on an equal footing with them. „15 d. ogrodow. z” — after the „z” the scribe set a great brace running upwards to an addition in the right-hand margin, which is CUT OFF BY THE EDGE OF THE CARD: only „(ogrodo…” is visible [reading uncertain — the continuation of the addition does not fit on the card]. The brace takes in both „ogrodowe” lines, that is 15 d. ogrodow. z /…/ and 15 d. ogrod. bez ogrodu. THE POSSESSOR is named in the NOMINATIVE („poses. Sebastjan Dłuski star. łukowski”), otherwise than is usual in this card index; the surname I read as „Dłuski” — a capital D with a tall struck-through „ł” — and it reads the same on card 3) („Dłuskiego”) and in T90 on card 1) („Sebastjana Dłuskiego starosty łukowskiego”). The person I enter ONLY HERE, in the heading entry a), so as not to count Dłuski three times; entries b) and c) stand under the same heading.
DłuskiSebastianstarost of Łuków (starosta łukowski)
1789Hearth tax register 1789
T89leaseholder for lifepossessorT89 - starostwo Łukowskie Dłuskiego dożywotnie: dwór w Łukowie, wójtostwo łukowskie, wsie Sieciaszka, Poważe, Zdżary, Krynka.card 3)
THE HEADING OF THIS WHOLE PART OF THE EXTRACT — it lists the composition of the Łuków starosty and its possessor, but IT GIVES NO HEARTHS OF ITS OWN, and therefore the hearths figure = empty; the hearths are carried only by the tables standing below. The numbering „1” is editorial, the card does not number the entries. THIS LINE GIVES NO FORENAME OF THE POSSESSOR — only „Dłuskiego”; the forename Sebastjan stands in the town part of T89 on card 2) („poses. Sebastjan Dłuski star. łukowski”) and there I recorded it, here I do not repeat it. THE LEASE IS FOR LIFE („dożywotnie”). THE COMPOSITION OF THE STAROSTY: the manor house in Łuków, the Łuków advocacy (wójtostwo łukowskie) and four villages — Sieciaszka, Poważe, Zdżary, Krynka. The same composition is given by T90 on card 1) („do starostwa należą Łuków, Sieciaszka, Zdżary, Poważe i Krynka”), there additionally with Łuków itself. The ending of the name „Zdżary” is in this hand a flat, horizontal stroke [the reading of the ending uncertain — I read „Zdżary” after the concordant writing in T90 on card 1)].
Dłuskistarost of Zwoleń (starosta zwoliński)
1790Hearth tax register 1790
T909 hearthspossessorpossessorT90 – Woytostwo Łukowskie – dobra król.; w poses. Dłuskiego starosty zwolińskiego – 9 dymów miejskich, w tem(?) 1 przybył po r. 1789. –
The number of hearths („9”) is underlined on the card. This line gives no forename for the possessor — it is given only by St.89 („Sebastyana Dłuskiego”). The office: the card writes here „starosty zwolińskiego”, whereas St.89 and both cards of Cieszkowizna call the same person starost of Łuków — I do not reconcile the discrepancy. The addition „w tem(?) 1 przybył po r. 1789” — the abbreviation „tem” written above the line, the question mark in brackets set there by the compiler, the word „przybył” broken between the lines and running up to the right-hand edge of the frame [reading uncertain]. The description „dymów miejskich”, town hearths, the card applies to the wójtostwo (the wójt's holding), although the wójtostwo itself lies outside the town.
A DISCREPANCY IN THE SOURCE, checked under magnification on 19 IX 2026 and NOT smoothed over: the card writes plainly „w poses. Dłuskiego starosty zwolińskiego” [starost of Zwoleń (starosta zwoliński)]. All the remaining extracts for the same person — T89, T90, T94 and T₀89 of Cieszkowizna, T89, T90 and O83 of the town of Łuków — call him starost of ŁUKÓW. The card index does not explain this difference; it may be a slip of the author of the transcript, it may be a second starosty. To be resolved outside the card index.
DłuskiSebastianstarost of Łuków (starosta łukowski)
1790Hearth tax register 1790
T901 hearth1 grangepossessorpossessorT90 – 1) Starostwo łukowskie, dobra król., w poses. Sebastjana Dłuskiego starosty łukowskiego. – a) folwark łukowski do starostwa należący ——— 1 dym miejski;card 1)
The person of the possessor stands in the heading of entry 1) and takes in all five sub-entries a)–e); I enter him ONLY HERE (and separately in 1d, where the card names him a second time and in another role), so as not to count Dłuski five times. THE FORENAME written „Sebastjana”, with a „j”. THE SURNAME: „Dłuskiego” — the initial „D” of this hand has a closed loop cut by the stem of the „ł” and at first glance looks like „Ot”; three unstruck occurrences of the same surname decide the matter, on cards („Dłuskiego starosty zwolińskiego”), 582 and 583 („Sebastjana Dłuskiego starosty łukowskiego”) and St.89 on card 8) („Sebastyana Dłuskiego star. grod. Łukow.”). THE OFFICE: „starosty łukowskiego” — at variance with card, where the same Dłuski is called in T90 „starostą zwolińskim”; I do not reconcile the discrepancy. THE GRANGE counted as ONE town hearth — it is the smallest entry of the extract.
DłuskiSebastianstarost of Łuków (starosta łukowski)
1790Hearth tax register 1790
T908 hearthshereditary ownerhereditary ownerd) w mieście jurysdyka Bernadynka zwana, dziedz. Sebastjana Dłuskiego star. łukowskiego — 8 „ „ ;card 1)
THE SAME PERSON AS IN no. 1a, but in another role and therefore entered a second time: in 1a Dłuski is the POSSESSOR of royal estates (the starosty), here the HEREDITARY OWNER of the Bernadynka jurydyka, that is its owner by inheritance. The card names him in this line a second time, with forename and office, so this is not an editorial repetition but a second, independent occurrence. In merging the index of persons it must be remembered that this is one man. THE NAME OF THE JURYDYKA: „Bernadynka” — so on the card, with one „r” and without an „r” in the second syllable (not „Bernardynka”), although O83 on card 8) already writes „bernardynów” in the full form. I record the name literally. The Bernardine jurydyka with 8 hearths is the third largest territory of the town. „dziedz.” = dziedzictwa/dziedziczna — I expand the abbreviation only in this note, in the text of the extract it remains as on the card.
DłuskiSebastianstarost of Łuków (starosta łukowski)
O83A description of 1783 [the expansion of the siglum to be confirmed]
O83leaseholder for lifepossessorO83 (IX) – miasto grodowe i ziemskie, leżące nad rz. Krzną, w archidjakonacie lubelskim, dekanacie łukowskim, w dożywotniej dzierżawie Sebastyana Dłuskiego, starosty łukowskiego; kościół par.; kościółek drewniany św. Ducha - szpitalny; kolegjum i kościół murowany X.X. Pijarów ze szkołami drewnianemi; klasztor O.O. bernardynów prowincji ruskiej i kościół murowany na południe;card 6)
THE FIRST ENTRY OF THE EXTRACT, opening O83 for Łuków. „MIASTO GRODOWE I ZIEMSKIE” — two courts in one town: the castle court (that of the starost) and the land court; this is the strongest designation of the constitutional rank of a place in the whole card index and the counterpart of the note „MP – miasto - siedziba starostwa łukowskiego” from card 8). CHURCH AFFILIATION: the archdeaconry of Lublin, the deanery of Łuków. THE TITLE OF POSSESSION: „w dożywotniej dzierżawie” — the same formula as at Zbuczyn („w dożywotniej posesji Cieszkowskiego”). T90 on card 1) says only „w poses.”, without „dożywotniej”; this card is therefore the more precise. The forename is written here „Sebastyana” (with a „y”), and in T90 on card 1) „Sebastjana” (with a „j”) — both forms I leave as they stand and I do not standardise them. THE CHURCHES: the parish church (without a dedication — the dedication of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary is given by V48 on the same card); a small WOODEN church of the Holy Spirit, a hospital church; the college and the BRICK church of the Piarist Fathers with WOODEN schools; the monastery of the Bernardine Fathers OF THE RUTHENIAN PROVINCE with a brick church, lying to the south. The belonging of the Bernardines to the Ruthenian province is a detail worth recording — nowhere else in the card index does it recur. The abbreviation beside the Piarists is written „X.X.” (with dots after both letters), whereas T90 on card 2) writes „XX”; I leave both shapes literally. The entry breaks off at the lower edge of the card, without a mark of carrying over; the continuation is on card 7).
the forename on this card with a „y”: „Sebastyana”
