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Source and translation

The Łuków Surveys of 1653 and 1659–1660

Two surveys of the royal estates six years apart: the first written down still before the Deluge, the second after it. The same office, the same order of headings, the same questions put to the same people — and therefore a rare chance to measure what happened to the town in between.

What these documents are

A lustracja is an official survey of the royal estates, carried out by commissioners appointed by the Sejm. The commissioners came to the place, had the privileges produced before them, questioned the town council and the burghers, listed the sources of income and added them up — because on that sum was assessed the kwarta, the fourth (in practice fifth) part of the income paid to the treasury for the army. A survey is therefore not a description of a town but an account of its profitability; everything else — the number of houses, craftsmen, mills, the burnt churches — enters it because it bears on that account.

Hence the value of these two texts: they were drawn up on the same form. Land rent, houses, breweries, malt measures, the weigh-house, bridge and paving tolls, markets and fairs, the bath-house, carriage money, the war wagon, mills, pasture dues, use of the forest, the advocacy, the Podzamcze suburb, the right of patronage, the hospital, the Bernardine friary, the guilds, the Jews, the grange — heading after heading, in the same order, in 1653 and in 1659. They can be set against each other line by line.

When the first of them was really written

The archival unit bears the title Lustracya Woiewodztwa Lubelskiego Anni 1653, but the Łuków text itself says something else. Under the carriage money the burghers produce “a fresh receipt for the past year 1653”, and in the complaint against the Jews there is talk of distilling spirits “on Saint Catherine’s day in the morning of the year lately past, 1653”. In both places, then, 1653 is the year gone by: the Łuków part was most probably written down in 1654, within a survey begun a year earlier.

The surveyors of 1659–1660 confirm it themselves, referring to it consistently as the “Survey of the Year 1654” and the “Lustratio toties specificata”. There is no contradiction here to smooth over — there is a difference between the year the commission was appointed and the year of the circuit.

An error in the archival description. The catalogue card of this unit gives the dates “1563–1563”. That is plainly a one-digit slip: the text names the reigning king (“Krola JMści dzisieyszego”) with a privilege of 1651, that is John Casimir, and a receipt of 1653.

The town in figures

The table covers only those headings for which both surveys give a figure. The reservations about comparability stand below it — without them some of these rows would mislead.

Heading	1653 (written 1654)	1659–1660
Houses and plots in the town	102, of which empty 45, inhabited 57	inhabited 37
Town hides (włóki)	30 according to the tax register	inhabited 18, sworn to 12
Breweries	no figure given; the burghers have their own	5 — “there used to be several dozen of them”
Mills	2 — one below the castle and the Powadzyński beyond the town	1 — one below the castle; the other “utterly destroyed by enemy fire”
Shoemakers	12 (“there used to be more”)	6
Bakers	10	6
Furriers	6	4
Salt dealers (prasołowie)	6	2
Barber-surgeons	2 — “because the others died of the pestilence”	3
Christian butchers	2 — “and even that one is unwilling”	1
Tallow from slaughter, to the castle	12 stones at 6 zł = 72 zł	10 stones at 4 zł = 40 zł
Rent from the Jews	100 zł, and separately 150 zł from slaughter, for the castle court chancery	80 zł
Land and house rent	67 zł — together with the Podzamcze dwellers	9 zł 22 gr 9 den — without the Podzamcze grounds
Market dues, toll, malt measures	leased out for: 2000 zł	assessed separately: 100 + 100 + 100 = 300 zł
Total income of the town	2239 zł; kwarta 447 zł 24 gr	the entry is blank — no sum was written in
The town grange	not reckoned separately	157 zł 18 gr from five grains

What this table must not be read to say. Three rows measure something other than they seem to. The land rent: in 1653 it is counted together with the Podzamcze dwellers, while in 1659 the survey expressly excludes “the Podzamcze grounds, which belong to the advocacy, and the advocacy’s own” — the fall from 67 zł to under 10 zł is therefore partly the effect of a change of scope, not of destruction alone. The lease of 2000 zł is a rent, that is a contractual sum from a time of good trade, while the 300 zł of 1659 is the commissioners’ estimate; both figures speak of an order of magnitude, not of cash received. The total income was not written into the second survey — 2239 zł therefore has no direct counterpart. The items set out in the text add up to about 430 zł, but that is our arithmetic, not a figure from the source.

What does add up by itself. Both surveys give their own totals and both agree to the grosz. 1653: 67 + 2000 + 100 + 72 = 2239 zł, kwarta (a fifth) = 447 zł 24 gr — both figures stand in the margin of the leaf. 1659–1660: the five grains of the grange come to 157 zł 18 gr and exactly that sum is written under the table. This is the best possible check on the reading — the arithmetic of the source leaves no room for a mistaken figure.

What burned

The survey of 1653 describes a town with a wooden parish church under the invocation of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, with a parish priest who was a doctor of both laws, Zachariasz Pierściński, with a hospital by the little church of Saint Leonard for ten paupers, with two mills and with guilds that produce their privileges to the commissioners in the original.

Six years later the same headings read as follows:

The church — “in this place laid low by fire in the Cossack incursion”; a new chapel stands under the same invocation.
The hospital of Saint Leonard — “that church and hospital are burnt by the enemy”.
The Poważyn mill — “utterly laid low by enemy fire”.
The guild privileges — the smiths did not produce theirs, “because it was taken from them by the enemy”; the furriers’ privilege was “taken by the enemy”.
The Podzamcze privileges — „ad praesens coram Nobis reproducta non fuerunt, quoniam per incursionem hostium perierunt” — they were not produced, because they perished in the enemy incursion.
The privileges of the Łuków Jews — “they did not show their older rights, stating that during the enemy incursion they were lost in the fire”.

This is the same class of loss as the one described in Stanisław Domaszewski’s manifestation on the burning of the Łuków land and castle records — only seen from the side of the treasury account rather than of title to property. It was not the buildings alone that perished; what perished was the legal memory of the town, kept in its parchments.

The crisis did not begin with the Deluge

This is the most important thing that only emerges once the two texts are set together, and it is easily missed if one reads the post-war survey alone. Łuków was a battered town already before 1655:

A fire before 1534. The original foundation privilege was gone by the sixteenth century: “during the great fire, when the town burned down, those rights were thrown with the chest into the water, and were so damaged that they could not be read”. Sigismund I renewed them in 1534, and it is that renewal which the burghers produce to the commissioners — in 1653 and, in the same manner, in 1659.
The fire of 1638. The parish priest complains that “the manor, having burned down in the Year 1638 at fair time”, consumed the stalls in front of the church and two church houses in the Market Square.
The fire of 1648. On the day of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross a Jew was distilling spirits, “from which the incendium of almost the whole town came about in the Year 1648” — so the burghers claim, invoking a judicial inquiry.
The collapse of trade after 1648. The market dues “used to bring a greater profit, now, after the devastation of the Ruthenian lands” — that is, after the Cossack war — had fallen.
The pestilence of 1653. Two barber-surgeons were left, “because the others died of the pestilence”, and the villages of the starosty were not visited by the commissioners at all: “propter suspitionem pestis we could not survey them”.

In other words: the figures of 1653, against which we compare the post-war state, are themselves already the figures of a town that had taken blows — after a great fire six years earlier and after the plague. The real decline against the Łuków of the first half of the seventeenth century was therefore deeper than a comparison of two columns shows.

The Domaszewskis in both surveys

The name appears in them three times, in three different roles, and together they make up a piece of the family’s history.

Erazm Domaszewski, Master of the Horse of the Crown and starosta of Łuków. The survey of 1653 records under the Bernardine friary: “This Friary and its Foundation was established by Lord Erazm Domaszewski, Master of the Horse of the Crown, starosta of Łuków, sub titulo Ecclesiae Sanctae Crucis Lucoviae sive Conventus Minorum Sancti Francisci de observantia Feria Secunda in Crastino S. Agnethis Anno 1629”. The date can be converted: Saint Agnes falls on 21 January, the day after is 22 January 1629 — and that day was indeed a Monday, the feria secunda of the document. The survey of 1659–1660 repeats the same foundation, but there the name of the day is already contracted into an abbreviation unreadable without this second record.

Erazm Domaszewski in the dispute over the advocacy. The survey of 1659–1660 lists the documents of the Łuków advocacy, and among them: a quittance by Konstancja, daughter of the magnificent Erazm Domaszewski, Praefecti Stabuli Regni (that is, Master of the Horse of the Crown), for Bartłomiej Kazanowski, and a decree of Sigismund III of 1616 between “Lord Erazm Domaszewski, Deputy Master of the Horse to His Royal Majesty, starosta of Łuków” and the successors of Paweł Mniszech. At stake is the sum of 114 marks of the advocacy’s assessment, receipted by Andrzej Mniszech on the Saturday of the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary 1616.

A small inconsistency of title. In one place of the same survey Erazm Domaszewski is Praefectus Stabuli Regni — Master of the Horse of the Crown — and in another “Deputy Master of the Horse to His Royal Majesty”. The survey of 1653 calls him Master of the Horse of the Crown. We record both variants, because both readings are certain; to settle which office he held in 1616 would take sources other than these two.

Stanisław Domaszewski Widlica, holder of the starosty. The survey of 1659–1660 opens the Łuków chapter with the sentence: “The holder of this starosty is the magnificent Lord Stanisław Domaszewski of Domaszewnica, Widlica rittmeister of His Royal Majesty, vigore Privilegij from His Royal Majesty our most gracious lord, dati in Castris ad Cracoviam die 23 Mensis Julij Anno 1657, post decessum Magnifici Bartholomaei Kazanowski benigne collati”. The privilege was thus issued in the camp before Cracow on 23 July 1657, after the death of the previous starosta; the taking of possession was recognised in the Łuków castle court on the Wednesday after Saint Bartholomew’s, that is 29 August 1657.

This closes a chronology known from another document. In the manifestation of 24 September 1657 Stanisław Domaszewski says that he learned of the burning of the records “as soon as he had taken up his starosty”, having returned from the camp. The survey independently confirms both: the camp (a privilege issued in castris) and the taking up of the starosty in the summer of 1657, a few weeks before the manifestation. The same survey also carries his byname Widlica — the very one that was hard to read in the manifestation.

His predecessor was Bartłomiej (Bartosz) Kazanowski, castellan of Zawichost, whom the survey of 1653 names as the holder at that time. The Łuków starosty thus returns to the Domaszewskis after more than a quarter of a century — in the year it burns.

The Jews of Łuków

Both surveys give them a heading of their own and both report the same running dispute over municipal burdens — but the figures change dramatically from one to the other.

1653. At Podzamcze there stand 30 Christian houses and 8 Jewish ones; in the town itself the Jews have houses from which they pay a lump rent of 100 złoty to the castle, and from slaughter 150 złoty a year, “which goes to the castle court chancery”. The basis of their presence are the agreements made with the burghers in 1590, entered into the advocate’s records, and royal privileges. The burghers bring a complaint against them for breaking those agreements: that on feast days they opened their stalls and sold drink, and that distilling spirits on the day of the Exaltation of the Cross caused the town fire of 1648. The Jews answer “negative”.

1659–1660. The heading opens with the statement that they did not produce their older rights, because these had burned. Then comes the sentence that is the gravest piece of information in all this material: “These Jews used to pay the lord starosta a lump rent of 100 fl. Now, since they have been thinned out, for the Enemy cut down near 1000 of them, they give no more than 80 fl”.

How to read that figure. It is a statement recorded by the surveyors, not the result of a census — information given them on the spot, justifying a reduction of the rent, and therefore spoken in the payers’ interest. Set against the eight Jewish houses at Podzamcze in 1653 and an unspecified number of houses in the town, it looks high. We do not settle it: we record it as it stands in the source, marking what it is.

The privilege the Jews produce in 1659 is a fresh one — issued in Warsaw on 10 May 1659 — and it speaks openly of rebuilding: it grants “omnimoda facultas et plenaria potestas extruendi Domos et Synagogam”, full liberty to build houses and a synagogue on their own grounds, of timber or of stone, and restores the old privileges, “quae ipsis igne per hostem sublata ad praesens innovantur” — those which the enemy destroyed by fire. A separate royal mandate of 29 March 1659 forbids the municipal office to force them into half of the town levies for the soldiery and orders the burdens to be apportioned ducta proportione — in proportion to the number of their houses.

Two privileges of one year, contradicting each other. The survey of 1659–1660 cites, on the burghers’ side, the confirmation of a municipal resolution issued by Sigismund III in Warsaw on 16 March 1589, forbidding anyone to sell, give or let a house or ground to a Jew under a penalty of a hundred marks. The survey of 1653 cites, on the Jews’ side, a privilege of the same Sigismund III, issued in Warsaw on 20 April 1589, granting them the same rights and liberties as the burghers of Łuków enjoy. Five weeks apart, two opposite rulings from the same chancery. Each party produced its own document to the commissioners — and hence one survey shows one, and the other the other.

Propination, breweries, inns

The right to make and sell drink is described separately for each group in both surveys, and it shows how the line of dispute shifted.

The burghers. In 1653: “The burghers are free ex antiquo to have breweries of their own, and so they do. They brew their beer in them, but spirits, though they may, they do not distil”. From each brewery 6 groszy of rent to the castle. In 1659 the same sentence, the same rate — but there are five breweries, “there used to be several dozen of them”.
Malt measures. In 1653, from a brew steeped with five korzec of grain went a quarter of the Łuków measure, and the income went into the lease. In 1659 a złoty is paid from each malt, “there may be of such beer and spirit malts up to 100 a year” — that is 100 złoty. The measure is given too: a Łuków korzec holds 40 garniec, and a beer malt is 4½ korzec of barley and half a korzec of wheat.
Podzamcze. The privilege of Sigismund III of 28 April 1624 gives the inhabitants of Podzamcze liberty to sell beer and all other drink on the spot — and it is precisely this privilege that perished in the fire after 1657.
The Jews. The privilege of 1659 names it expressly: “libera Cocturae divenditione et propinatione Cerevisiae, Mulsi et Cremati iuxta usum et praxim antiquam” — free brewing, sale and retail of beer, mead and spirits according to ancient usage.
The clergy. In 1659 the municipal office complains that clerical persons hold much of the town ground, refuse to bear its burdens, and “moreover they brew beer and sell it, quo suo facto victum Civibus adimunt et praeripiunt” — thereby taking the burghers’ livelihood from them. The surveyors rule briefly: holders of town ground, “cuiuscunque sint conditionis”, cannot be exempted from the burdens of that ground.

In 1653 the same dispute is still at another stage: it concerns six houses bequeathed to the church, whose occupants refuse to submit to municipal jurisdiction or pay taxes, and the surveyors refer the matter to the assessorial courts. Six years later the thing has grown into a charge of competition in the drink trade.

What else changed between one survey and the other

Pasture dues (a payment for grazing on town grounds). In 1653: “On the grounds and fields of the town the pasture dues belong to the burghers according to the old dispositij, which they produced”. In 1659 the surveyors note that the starosty “ usurpantthese pasture dues”, invoking a cession made several decades earlier to Paweł Mniszech and a prescription — praescriptio longissimi temporis.
The advocacy. In 1653 the starosta holds it “as it used to be of old with his predecessors”, without a separate title. In 1659 he already produces a royal consent of 18 February 1654 to redeem the advocacy from the hands of Bartłomiej Kazanowski’s successors — and a whole bundle of advocacy documents, headed by the possession granted to Dziersław Karwowski in 1425 .
Carriage money. In 1653 the town pays 48 złoty and produces a fresh receipt. In 1659 the receipts “were lost”, and a new constitution of the Sejm frees the town from payment — together with the other towns of the Lublin Palatinate, “because of the very frequent passage of envoys from the borderlands”.
The guilds. In 1653 they produce originals and confirmations of 1558, 1596, 1609, 1633, 1641, 1646 and 1651. In 1659 a good part of them has already been “taken by the enemy”, and the shoemakers and barber-surgeons produce a new confirmation by John Casimir of 30 August 1658 — a document issued after the destruction, in place of the burnt ones.
Cossacks in the starosta’s service. The last sentence of the town part of the 1659–1660 survey says that the hay is not reckoned, “because the lord lessee keeps Cossacks to guard the forest”. The same Cossacks whom the document names two pages earlier as the authors of the fires are here the starosty’s forest guard — worth keeping apart: Cossack in such records is often the name of a service, not of an origin.

A small thing, and a useful one: the dates check out

Both surveys list the town privileges in Latin, dating them by feast and weekday. All of them can be converted and all of them come out right:

Document	As recorded in the survey	Date
Władysław Jagiełło, Magdeburg law	Sabbatho in Vigilia Nativitatis S. Joannis Baptistae 1403, at Szczekarzów	Saturday 23 June 1403
Casimir the Jagiellon, weekly market	Feria Sexta post Festum S. Stanislai in Maio 1455, at Łuków	Friday 9 May 1455
Alexander the Jagiellon, town hall, weigh-house and stalls	Feria Quarta post Festum S. Tiburtii 1505, at Radom	Wednesday 16 April 1505
Sigismund I, bridge toll	Feria 3tia ipso die S. Priscae 1530, at Piotrków	Tuesday 18 January 1530
Sigismund I, renewal of the burnt rights	Feria secunda post Festum S. Martini 1534	Monday 16 November 1534
Foundation of the Bernardine friary	Feria Secunda in Crastino S. Agnethis 1629	Monday 22 January 1629
Decree of Władysław IV on synagogues	Feria secunda in Crastino Dominicae Sexagesimae 1638	Monday 8 February 1638
Relation decree on the agreements with the Jews	Feria Secunda post Festum S. Jacobi Apostoli 1647, at Warsaw	Monday 29 July 1647
Stanisław Domaszewski takes possession	Feria 4ta post Festum S. Bartholomaei 1657	Wednesday 29 August 1657

Dates before 1582 converted in the Julian calendar, later ones in the Gregorian. The agreement of weekday with day of the month in nine cases out of nine is the strongest confirmation that the figures in the manuscript have been read correctly.

The 1653 survey — the text

A faithful transcription: spelling, capitals and word forms as in the manuscript, with only the abbreviations expanded (in square brackets). The division into paragraphs is ours — the manuscript runs on, with the headings of the entries. Under every heading that contains Latin stands its translation. Illegible places are marked “[…]”, and an uncertain reading is marked beside the word as “[odczyt niepewny]”. The transcription itself is left in its original wording — Old Polish and chancery Latin — and is not translated.

The Łuków starosty · The town of Łuków

Tego Starostwa iest Possessorem JWielm[ożn]y Pan Bartosz Kazanowski […]

Pytani będąc Vrząd Radziecki Łukowski y inszi Mieszczanie co wiadomszi o Przywileiach tego Miasta osobliwie o Locatiey originalney odpowiedzieli iż od dawnych Czasow iey niemasz y żadney o niey od Przodkow swoich wiadomosci niemaią.

Co do inszych Praw pokazali onych Renovationem per Serenissimum olim Sigismundum Primum Regem datam Feria secunda post Festum Sancti Martini proxima Anno 1534 concessam ex ea occasione iż podczas ognia wielkiego gdy miasto zgorzało te prawa z Skrzynką w wodę wrzucono przez co naruszone iż czytac niemogły, takową renovatią in tempore Mieszczanie otrzymali w ktorey de verbo ad verbum są ozwane [odczyt niepewny]:

Naprzod Privilegium Vladislai Regis super Jus Theutonicum de data in Szczekarzow Sabbatho in Vigilia Festi Sancti Joannis Baptistae Anno 1403 cum exceptione Civium a quavis Jurisdic[t]ione Terrestri et alia quacunque praeter Civilem et suam propriam Regiam seu ex delegatione Regia Capitanealem Lucovien[sem].

Potym Privilegium Casimiri Regis super Forum Septimanale Ferijs Secundis celebrandum de data in Lucow Feria Sexta post Festum Sancti Stanislai in Maio Anno 1455.

Item Privilegium Alexandri Regis de data Radomiae in Conventi Regni generali Feria Quarta post Festum Sancti Tiburtij proxima Anno 1505 super Praetorium in medio Circuli Civitatis erigendum tum et Stateram seu Libram atque Cameras Pannitonsorum Pistorum et Sutorum cum omni Vtilitate et proventu pro Vsu et commodo eiusdem Civitatis.

Item Decretum inter Cap[ita]neum et Cives Lucovien[ses] Sigismundi Primi Regis de Anno 1513 Ratione Molitionis Braseorum et alior[um] Frumentorum Latum, Vbi molitio braseoru[m] in Molendino Lucoviensi iniungitur et pensio mensurarum etiam in defectu aquae sub quodcunq[ue] tempus redditur ibidem mensura, Cives etiam in alijs Molendinis Lucovien[sibus] sine pensione alterius mensurae molere brasea possunt, aliorum vero frumentorum molitio ipsis conceditur libera ubi voluerint in alijs molendinis Regalibus Lucovien[sibus] et in defectu eorum in quibusvis Regalibus viciniorib[us] reddita nihilominus mensura ibi ubi molient. Caeterum in defectu Aquarum Molendinorum proximorum Conceditur ipsis Libertas molendor[um] frumentor[um] ubi illis commodius videbitur sine impedimento et recusatione Capitanei.

Item Privilegium super Exaction[em] Pontalis [odczyt niepewny] Equis currus onestos trahentibus tum et a singulis bobus et equis gregatim ad vendendum actis praeter annua fora et aliaru[m] Civitatum viciniorum per duos denarios a Mercatoribus Vectoribus et alijs extraneis negotiatoribus exigenda, Vbi privatio contra transgressores rerum et mercium pro necessitatibus publicis Civitatis imponitur.

Denique Continetur ibidem Privilegium descriptum Sigismundi Regis Anni 1530 super quinque Marcas de qualibet Contributione Civili pro necessitate Reipublicae laudata et in futurum quomodolibet laudanda Civitati pro munitione eiusdem remittendas et condonandas. Powiedzieli Mieszczanie iż tego Prawa byli zawsze in possessione dopiero od kilku lat niedaią go im Panowie Poborcy trzymac.

Producowali potym Confirmationem generalem omnium Jurium ac Privilegiorum eiusdem Civitatis Krola JMści dzisieyszego de data Varsaviae die 15 Marty Anno 1651 w ktorey Continetur Confirmatio ibidem generalis eorunde[m] Jurium et Privilegioru[m] Serenissimi olim Sigismundi Tertij de Anno 1623 et Privilegium ipsius Communitati huius Civitatis Super electio[n]em Trium Consulum per eandem Communitatem et quarti vero per Ipsum Capitaneu[m] Lucovien[sem] pro quolibet Anno Feria Secunda post Dominicam Invocavit expediendam de data Varsaviae 23 Februarij Anno 1624 concessum et per Serenissimum olim Vladislaum Quartum Anno 1633 generali eorundem Confirmatione approbatum.

In translation. The holder of the starosty is Bartosz Kazanowski. The council office and the burghers, asked about the privileges, answered that the original foundation privilege has long been missing and that they know nothing of it. They produced instead its renewal by Sigismund I, of the Monday after Saint Martin’s 1534, issued because during a great fire of the town the privileges had been thrown with their chest into water and were so damaged that they could not be read. The renewal sets out word for word: the privilege of King Władysław on German law, issued at Szczekarzów on the Saturday of the vigil of the nativity of Saint John the Baptist 1403, exempting the burghers from every land jurisdiction and any other besides the municipal one and the king’s own — or, by royal delegation, that of the Łuków starosta; the privilege of King Casimir on the weekly market on Mondays, issued at Łuków on the Friday after the feast of Saint Stanislaus in May 1455; the privilege of King Alexander from the general Sejm at Radom, of the Wednesday after the feast of Saint Tiburtius 1505, for erecting a town hall in the middle of the market square, a weigh-house, a cloth-shearing shop and stalls for bakers and shoemakers, with all profit and income for the use of the town; the decree of Sigismund I of 1513 between the starosta and the burghers concerning the grinding of malt and other grain, which ordered malt to be ground in the Łuków mill and the measure to be paid even when a lack of water made grinding impossible; the burghers may grind malt in other Łuków mills without a second measure, and other grain freely wherever they wish, in other royal mills of Łuków, and failing those in the neighbouring royal ones, paying the measure where they grind; and when the nearest mills lack water they may grind wherever is more convenient, without hindrance or refusal from the starosta. Next the privilege for collecting the bridge toll — two denarii from each horse drawing a loaded wagon and from oxen and horses driven in herds for sale, save for the annual fairs and the markets of neighbouring towns, levied on merchants, carters and foreign traders, with forfeiture of goods and wares for the town’s needs from those who evade it. Finally the privilege of Sigismund [I] of 1530 remitting to the town five marks from every contribution voted and to be voted in future — for the town’s fortification; the burghers say they always enjoyed this right, and only in the last few years have the tax collectors refused to allow it. They also produced a general confirmation of all rights and privileges by the reigning king [John Casimir], given at Warsaw on 15 March 1651, and in it a confirmation by Sigismund III of 1623 as well as his privilege of 23 February 1624 for the free election of three councillors by the commune and a fourth by the starosta of Łuków, held each year on the Monday after Invocavit Sunday, approved by Władysław IV in 1633.

Land rent · Houses

Iż […] miasta tego niemasz niemogliśmy Mieszczanie o gruntach Miasta tego na ktorych zasiadło in tey dac informaciey ieno z Gruntow Poborowych podług ktorych iest pod miastem Włok N[ume]ro 30 z ktorych Mieszczanie tak z tych Włok iako y Domow y inszemi powinnosciami ogułem daią […] y z Podzamczanami ktorego przychodzi na Rok do Zamku in summa — fl 67.

Domow w mieście Krom Żydow, Podzamcza także Xiężych Domow y placow gołych iest N[ume]ro 102 z tych pustych iest N[ume]ro 45 osiadłych na ten Czas dostaie N[ume]ro 57 z ktorych Czynsz includitur w Summę wzwyż pomienioną przy Czynszu Łanowym.

Takowych Domow gruntow y innych wszelakich Dobr in fundo Civili będących quovis Juris titulo Possessores cuiuscunq[ue] Conditionis sint powinni On[y]ch iuxta leges Regni et Judicata R[zeczy]p[o]s[po]litey Czynsze płacic y wszytkie insze onera Civilia et fundi ratione Mieszczany ponosic y Jurisdictiey Mieyskiey respectu fundi podlegac poki by niebyły per Constitutionem publicam Juri Terrestri abo immunitatibus Ecclesiasticis incorporowane.

In translation. Since there is no [survey] of the town, the commissioners could get no information from the burghers about the grounds on which the town was settled, and kept to the taxed grounds: below the town there are 30 hides, from which the burghers — from the hides as from the houses and other dues, together with the Podzamcze dwellers — pay 67 złoty a year to the castle. Houses in the town, apart from the Jewish ones, Podzamcze and the clergy’s, together with the empty plots, number 102: 45 empty, 57 at present inhabited; the rent from them is included in the sum above. Holders of houses, grounds and any goods on town ground, by whatever legal title and of whatever estate, are to pay rents according to the laws of the Kingdom and the judgments of the Commonwealth, to bear all other municipal burdens arising from the ground on a par with the burghers, and to be subject to municipal jurisdiction in respect of that ground — until such goods are incorporated by a Sejm constitution into land law or into ecclesiastical immunities.

Breweries · Malt measures · Weigh-house · Cloth-shearing shop

Wolno Mieszczanom ex antiquo Browary sobie własne miec takosz y maią. Piwo sobie w nich warzą Gorzałki iednak Ale by im wolno niepala. Oprocz miar ktore dawac powinni od każdego Słodu daią do Zamku od Browaru Czyns na Rok po gr 6 ale y ten Czynsz przy Łanowym includitur.

Ktokolwiek piwo warzy dawac powinien od Waru w ktory zboża po piąci Korcy zalewaią po Cwierci miary Łukowskiey. Ten Prowent includuie sie w taxę Arendy niżey przy Mycie Jarmarcznym opisaney.

Jest waga mieyska w Ratuszu Ktorey Prowent podług dawnych praw przed nami pokazanych Miastu należy.

Postrzygalnia w Ratuszu bydz powinna y miastu z niey pożytek należy. Ktorey na ten Czas niemasz.

Bridge and paving tolls · Markets and fairs · Bath-house

Mostowe należy miastu iuxta Privilegium supra insinuatum Serenissimi olim Sigismundi Primi de data Petricoviae Anno 1530 podług ktorego wybiera miasto po szelągu od Konia kupieckiego także od Konia y wołu kupieckiego na targi idącego względem czego most y drogi naprawowac Miasto powinno, Contra transgressores descri[p]ta[m] paena[m] eod[em] Privilegio. Item Biorą Mieszczanie Burkowe od Woza kupieckiego po szelągu podług dawnego zwyczaiu czego są in usu.

Targ w tym Mieście do tygodnia raz w poniedziałek odprawowac sie powinien. Jarmarki dwa do Roku. Pierwszy wstępny post, Drugi na dzien Narodzenia Nayświetszey Panny Maryey.

Targowe z Myty ktore od wołow pod czas Jarmarku wybieraią czyniło przedtym większy pożytek teraz za Spustoszeniem Ruskich Kraiow pospołu z miarami Słodowemi w Arendzie było, Czyni to wszystko na Rok — fl 2000.

Była Łaznia na Podzamcu z ktorey do Zamku dawano annuatim fl 30, ta za Antecessorow ieszcze teraznieyszego JMści Pana Starosty spustoszało [odczyt niepewny] iako y Mieszczanie zeznali że by im też z tey Prowent dawno ustał.

Carriage money · War wagon · Mills · Pasture dues · Use of the forest

Daie to Miasto Pieniedzy Podwodnych annuatim in quadruplo iuxta novissimam Constitutionem et Decreta S. R. M. cum alijs Civitatibus Lata po Złotych Czterdziesci y osm do Skarbu abo Poczcie [odczyt niepewny] S. R. M. Magistro, o czym produkowali Kwit swieży Roku przeszłego 1653.

Powinni Mieszczanie wyprawowac pro expeditione generali publica Currum bellicum. Wóz parą Koni z Żywnością et necessarijs bellicis a przy nim parę Haydukow z Rynsztunkiem y inszemi potrzebami do woyny należącemi.

Jest Młynow N[ume]ro 2. Jeden pod Zamkiem o iednym kole ale ob defectum wody nie często w nim mielą y to na dworska potrzebę, niemasz z niego inszego pożytku. Drugi Młyn za Miastem Powadzynski nazwany o iednym także kole. Ten Młyniec na ten Czas in possessione z gruntami do niego należącemi Pana Thomasza Zawadzkiego.

Na gruntach y rolach mieyskich Spasne Mieszczanom należy według dawnych dispositij ktore produkowali.

Pokazali Mieszczanie dawne dispositie na Vzywanie Puszcze y Borow Łukowskich JKMści osobliwie Dekret Serenissimi olim Sigismundi Augusti Anni 1555 Ktorym Conceditur ipsis libera incisio arborum pro aedificijs suis et lignorum pro usu foci non autem ad vendendum.

In translation. The town pays carriage money yearly at a fourfold rate, according to the newest constitution and the decrees of His Sacred Royal Majesty issued for other towns as well — 48 złoty, to the treasury or to the royal postmaster; they produced a fresh receipt for the past year 1653. For a general levy they are to fit out a war wagon: a wagon with a pair of horses, with victuals and military necessities, and with it a pair of haiduks with their equipment. There are two mills: one below the castle, with a single wheel, but for lack of water they seldom grind in it and then only for the manor’s needs; the other beyond the town, called the Powadzyński, also with a single wheel, at present in the possession of Mr Tomasz Zawadzki together with its grounds. Pasture dues on the grounds and fields of the town belong to the burghers according to the old dispositions, which they produced. For the use of the royal forest they produced old dispositions, and notably a decree of Sigismund Augustus of 1555, which allowed them free cutting of timber for their own buildings and of wood for the hearth — but not for sale.

The advocacy · Podzamcze

Bywało przy tym Mieście Woytostwo ktorego że Locatiey originalney nieprodukowano niemoglismy wiedziec o iego dochodach. Na ten Czas iest in poss[ess]ione JMści Pana Starosty iako z dawna Antecessorow iego bywało.

Jest przy tym Mieście osobna osada abo Vlica Ktora Podzamczem zowią, z Założenia swego na gruncie Woytowskim y pod Jurisdictią Woytowską iuxta Privilegium Locationis Ktore pokazali Incolae eiusdem fundi a Serenissimo olim Sigismundo Tertio de data Varsaviae die 28 Aprilis Anno 1624 sibi Concessum. Cum obligatione omnium proventuum et onerum in quibus sunt constituti ipsi Advocato et nulli alteri solvend[orum] et obeund[orum]. Item Cum omni facultate Cerevisia[m] ac alia potionum genera omnesque res quascunque quae vendi et revendi in Civitate Lucoviensi solent ibidem propinandi et revendendi. Tegoz Przywileiu pokazali Confirmac[i]one[m] Serenissimi olim Vladislai Quarti de Anno 1633.

Na tym gruncie mieszkaią Chrzescianie y Żydzi. Chrzescianskich Domow z Placami na ten Czas iest N[ume]ro 30 a Żydowskich N[ume]ro 8.

Żydzi wszytkie onera z Chrzescianami ponosic rowno y wszytkie podatki płacic tudziesz w domach swoich podeymowac na Stacye Żołnierza powinni, do czego et ex fundo tenentur et ex pactis cum Incolis eiusdem fundi iuxta Decretum Capitan[eatus] Lucovien[sis] Fer[ia] 6ta post Cinerum proxima A[nno] 1638 Latum quod transiit in rem iudicatam.

In translation. There used to be an advocacy by the town, but since no original foundation privilege was produced, the commissioners could not establish its income; at present it is in the possession of the starosta, as it used to be of old with his predecessors. A separate settlement called Podzamcze lies by its foundation on advocacy ground and under advocacy jurisdiction, according to the foundation privilege of Sigismund III, given at Warsaw on 28 April 1624 and produced by its inhabitants: with the obligation to render all income and burdens to which they are subject to the advocate alone and to no one else, and with full liberty to retail beer and all other drinks and wares that are usually sold in the town of Łuków; they also produced a confirmation of that privilege by Władysław IV of 1633. There live there 30 Christian houses with plots and 8 Jewish ones. The Jews are to bear all burdens on a par with the Christians, to pay all taxes and to quarter soldiers in their houses — to which they are bound both by the ground and by their agreements with the inhabitants, according to a judgment of the Łuków castle court of the Friday after Ash Wednesday 1638, which passed into a matter adjudged.

Right of patronage — the parish church

Jest w tym Mieście Kościoł Drzewiany Tytułu Nativitatis Beatissimae Virginis Mariae Collationis KJMści. Proboszczem iest na ten Czas X[iądz] Zacharias Piersciński Vtriusque Juris Doctor od KJMści świetey pamięci Zygmunta Trzeciego Anno 1624 […] podany. Erectiey originalney niepokazał Ktora per Iniurias temporum osobliwie per Incursiones Tartarorum od dawnych Czasow zginęła.

Ma Xiądz Proboszcz dwie Włoce we wszytkich trzech polach ex primaeva fundatione w ktorych są y łąki k temu należące. Bierze Dziesięcinę wytyczną po mieyskich y Dworskich gruntach Łukowskich. Bierze y w Kąkolownicy po poddanych, także w […] wsi Krola JMści do tegoż Starostwa należącey, ktorych iest in possessione continua ex decimationibus.

Są y insze Dziesięciny ktore do tegoż Kościoła należą iuż nie […] Proboszczowi ale Sługom Kościelnym to iest Witrykowie po poddanych, Wikarion a po Dworze Bakałarzowi, ktory w […] Dzierzawie Wisniowskiey po Młynarzu Dziesięcinę bierze. Item po gruntach Woytowskich w Łukowie Organiście Kościoła Łukowskiego.

Pokazał Xiądz Proboszcz nadto dispositie na rożne insze Dziesięciny ktorych że na ten Czas nie iest in possessione a o nie litigat in lite nieopisawalismy ich. Ale tenże Xiądz Proboszcz pewne […] w Mieście do tegoż Kościoła należące, na ktore rożne dispositiones pokazał, osobliwie Dismembrationem Zbuckiego Kościoła od Łukowskiego de Anno 1418. Item ordinationem cum loci ordinario Anni 1448 y onych iako y inszych ich praw […] Confirmationes Krolow IchMściow y Pana dzisieyszego de data Varsaviae die 13 Decembris Anno 1649.

Jest tesz w tym mieście legowanych Kościołowi domow N[ume]ro 6 z ktorych ci co w nich mieszkaią niechcą Jurisdictioni Civili parere ani Podatkow tak Mieyskich iako y Rzeczypospolitey płacic, o co sie Mieszczanie skarzeli pokazuiąc to bydź przeciwko prawu pospolitemu et cum suo maximo praeiudicio. My iednak niewdawaiąc sie in cognitionem rescriptorum Regior[um] odsełamy to pro cognitione et decisione do Sądow Krola JMści Assessorskich, dum pars partem ad id citaverit.

Skarzeł sie pomieniony Xiądz Proboszcz Łukowski że dwor w Roku 1638 pod Jarmark pogorzawszy kramy przed Kościołem y dwiema domami w Rynku Kościelnemi, ktore kramy dotąd stawia biorąc Prowenthi z niey y na potrzeby Kościoła.

Skarzył sie na ostatek na Żydy że lubo […] szlachta gruntow y Domow mieyskich quocunque titulo possessis Kościelne y mieyskie onera ponoszą, Żydzi zaś osiadszy niemało placow Domow mieyskich z nich tylko miastu onera daią a samemu Kościołowi nic […] ktorym Żydzi handle odięli, w kościele świece zgasły y zginęły.

In translation. In the town stands a church of timber under the invocation of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, in the king’s collation. The parish priest is Father Zachariasz Pierściński, doctor of both laws, presented by Sigismund III in 1624. He did not produce the original deed of erection — it was lost long ago through “the injuries of the times”, and notably through the Tatar incursions. From the original foundation the priest has two hides in all three fields together with meadows; he takes the marked-out tithe from the town and manor grounds of Łuków, and also in Kąkolewnica and in one of the royal villages of this starosty. Other tithes belong no longer to the priest but to the church servants: the churchwarden, the vicar, the schoolmaster and the organist. He produced further documents, among them the separation of the Zbuczyn church from the Łuków one, of 1418 and an ordinance with the ordinary of the place of 1448, confirmed by the reigning king on 13 December 1649. In the town there are six houses bequeathed to the church, whose occupants refuse to submit to municipal jurisdiction or to pay municipal and public taxes; the burghers complain that this is against common law and greatly to their harm, and the commissioners — not entering into the examination of royal rescripts — refer the matter to the assessorial courts. The priest complained that in 1638, during the fair, the stalls in front of the church and two church houses in the Market Square burned down. He complained finally of the Jews: that while the nobility holding town grounds and houses bear church and municipal burdens, they give only to the town and nothing to the church — and that since they took the trade away [from the guilds], the candles in the church have gone out.

The hospital living · The Bernardine friary

Jest w tym mieście Szpytal przy osobnym Kościołku S. Leonardy gdzie iest y Probostwo Szpitalne Juris Patronatus także Krola JMści. Fundatia tego Szpitala na Dziesięcioro Vbostwa.

Ten Klasztor y iego Fundacia przez Pana Erasmego Domaszowskiego Koniuszego Koronnego Starosty Łukowskiego Stanęła sub titulo Ecclesiae Sanctae Crucis Lucoviae sive Conventus Minorum Sancti Francisci de observantia Feria Secunda in Crastino S. Agnethis Anno 1629.

Pokazali Oycowie tegosz Conwentu pewne resignatie gruntow rożnych Mieyskich na zbudowanie Kościoła y rozprzestrzenienie Klasztoru Coram Officio Advocatiali Lucovien[si] varijs temporibus zeznane, ktorych są in usu et pacifica possessione; a o libertacią ich per Constitutionem publicam starac sie wolno im będzie.

In translation. By a separate little church of Saint Leonard stands a hospital, and with it a hospital living, likewise in the king’s collation; the hospital’s foundation is for ten paupers. The Bernardine friary was founded by Erazm Domaszewski, Master of the Horse of the Crown, starosta of Łuków, under the invocation of the church of the Holy Cross at Łuków, that is of the convent of the Friars Minor of Saint Francis of the Observance, on the Monday after Saint Agnes 1629 [22 January 1629]. The fathers produced cessions of various town grounds for the building of the church and the enlargement of the friary, recognised at various times before the Łuków advocate’s office, which they enjoy in peaceful possession; as for exempting the place from burdens by a Sejm constitution, they are free to seek it.

The guilds

Kuśnierze. Kuśnierzow w tym mieście iest na ten Czas tylko N[ume]ro 6, żadnego Czynszu od Rzemiosła niedaią ex antiquo, maiąc cech swoy osobny od inszych Rzemieslnikow. Pokazali nan Privilegium Confirmationis Articulorum eiusdem Contuberny Krola JMści dzisieyszego de data Varsaviae die 20 Januarij Anno 1651 in quo continentur itidem Confirmationes eorundem Articulorum Serenissimorum olim Sigismundi Augusti originalis de Anno 1558, Sigismundi Tertij de Anno 1596 et Vladislai Quarti de Anno 1633. […] Przekupniowie tak Żydzi iako y inszi niemaią towaru Kosmatego przedawac Kawałcami ani hurm na łokiec krom Jarmarku, a kto w Jarmark targuie Cechowy po dwa grosze a niecechowy tak Żyd iako y inszy po gr 6 od skory dawac powinien do Cechu Kusznierzow Łukowskich, a ci ktorzy wywozą skory z Łukowa po gr 1 od sztuki. […] Skarzeli sie ci Kuśnierze Cechowi Łukowscy na Żydy że im wielkie przeszkody czynią.

Szewcy. Szewcow w tym Mieście bywało więcey, teraz tylko N[ume]ro 12. Jatki swoie miec powinni y maią pod Ratuszem a od tego Czynszu na Ratusz po fl 1/18, a nie do Zamku dawac niepowinni podług Przywileiu od Ś. Pamięci Krola JMści Alexandra Roku 1505 Miastu temu danego, ktorego y Confirmatia Vladislai Quarti w tym punkcie aby im Jatki pod Ratuszem wybudowane były de Anno 1644 produkowali.

Piekarze. Piekarzow iest w tym Miescie N[ume]ro 10 na ten Czas. Jatki swoie maią pod Ratuszem do przedawania Chleba, z ktorych nie do Zamku ale na Ratusz dawac powinni Czynsz podług przywileiu Krola JMści Alexandra Roku 1505 temusz miastu nadanego. Daią tedy Czynszu na Rok po gr 7½.

Prasołowie. Prasołow iest N[ume]ro 6 w tym Mieście, maią swoi Cech uprzywileiowany Privilegio Confirmationis Serenissimi olim Vladislai Quarti de data Varsaviae die 24 July Anno 1641. Podług ktorego powinni na mieyscu naznaczonym Sol przedawac w Rynku u Kościoła Farnego, niegdzie indziey, pod Winą trzech grzywien. […] Czynszu każdy z nich dawac do Roku na Ratusz fl 3.

Cyrulicy. Cyrulikow na ten Czas w tym Mieście iest tylko N[ume]ro 2, bo drudzy powietrzem wymarli. Maią swoy Cech uprzywileiowany, ktorego pokazali Artykułow swoich per Officium Consulare Lucoviense approbowanych Confirmationes Krolow IchMściow Ś. Pamięci Zygmunta Trzeciego de data Varsaviae in Conventu Regni Gen[er]ali die tertia Februarij Anno 1609 y Władysława Czwartego.

Rzeźnicy. Rzeznikow ile ich bywało w tym Mieście składali sie na dwanaście Kamieni Łoiu smelcowanego na Łoy do Zamku; bywało ich niemało, teraz tylko dwa y to ieden niechce. Daią na Łoy do Zamku Łoiu smelcowanego Kamieni N[ume]ro 12, rachuiąc Kamien po fl 6, czyni — fl 72. Item bywaią także w wielkie święta [odczyt niepewny] Rzeznicy ze wsiow, od ktorych Łopatki biorą do Dwora, ktore sie obracaią na Wychowanie Czeladzi Zamkowey.

Kowale y inszi Rzemieslnicy. Kowale pokazali Przywiley na swoy Cech w ktorym y inszych Rzemieslnikow niemało: to iest Ślusarze, Rymarze, Miecznicy, Stalmaszy, Kołodzieie, Szklarze, Pasnicy, Bednarze, Powroznicy, Siodlarze, […], Stolarze, Kotlarze, Czapnicy, Conwisarze y inszi Rzemieslnicy — za pozwoleniem y approbacią Vrzędu Radzieckiego Łukowskiego, a potym Confirmationis Privilegio Serenissimi olim Vladislai Quarti de data Varsaviae die 10 Januarij Anno 1646.

In translation. The guild privileges produced to the commissioners are confirmations of the articles of the fraternity: to the furriers by the reigning king on 20 January 1651, and in it confirmations by Sigismund Augustus of 1558, Sigismund III of 1596 and Władysław IV of 1633; to the barber-surgeons by Sigismund III at the general Sejm in Warsaw on 3 February 1609 and by Władysław IV; to the salt dealers by Władysław IV in Warsaw on 24 July 1641; to the smiths and the craftsmen associated with them — first by the consent and approval of the Łuków council office, then by a confirmation privilege of Władysław IV of 10 January 1646. The shoemakers pay 1 złoty 18 groszy from their stalls under the town hall and are not to pay to the castle, invoking Alexander’s privilege of 1505 and Władysław IV’s confirmation of 1644; the bakers pay 7½ groszy a year, the salt dealers 3 złoty to the town hall.

The Jews · The total · The pension · The villages

Żydzi Domow swoich ile ich maią w mieście daią Czynszu ogułem do Zamku na Łoy — fl 100.

In vim Locationis pokazali Privilegiorum suorum Confirmationem Serenissimi Joannis Casimiri Regis D[omi]ni N[ost]ri Clementissimi de data Varsaviae die 30 Novembris Anno 1649, in qua recensentur duo Privilegia: Vnum quidem Seren[issi]mi Sigismundi 3tij de Anno et data Varsaviae die 20 Aprilis Anno 1589 Continentes in se Concessionem iisdem Judaeis Jurium et Libertatum omnium quibus oppidani Lucovienses gaudent […]; Alterum Serenissimi olim Vladislai Quarti de data Cracoviae in Conventu felicis Coronationis die 3tia Martij Anno 1633 […] tam circa Synagogam et Coemeterium ubi sepeliuntur quam super Vsum omnem mercaturae et propinationum aliarumq[ue] libertatum et immunitatum.

Pokazali pacta przy tym Cum oppidanis Lucovien[sibus] inita Anno 1590 […] Vt onera o[mn]ia Civilia cum Civibus ferant […].

Item Produkowali Dekret Relacyiny Serenissimi olim Vladislai Quarti inter Cives Lucovien[ses] Actores et de Citatos […] Feria Secunda post Festum S. Jacobi Apostoli Anno 1647 w Warszawie ferowany.

Produkowali na ostatek Dekret S. J. M. iakie onera powinne do Zamku, z ktorego […] patet, że względem tego od Rzezi dawaią na rok — fl 150 — co sie obraca na Cancellaryą Grodzką, iako y Sami Mieszczanie attestabantur.

Odpowiedz. Wnosili Mieszczanie in Contrarium przeciwko Żydom Skargę swoię ratione abusus Pactorum et Contraventionis Decreto S. R. M[aies]t[a]tis supra specificato Anni 1647 […] iż oni we dni uroczyste, osobliwie raz w dzień niedzielny w Święto Narodzenia Naświętszey Panny Anni 1647 rano przed […] kramy otwierali, gorzałki y insze Liquory szynkowali, y inszych Świąt roboty swoie przeciwko ordinatiey odprawowali, mianowicie w dzień Wywyższenia S. Krzyża gorzałkę palił Żyd, od ktorego incendium Miasta prawie wszystkiego stało sie Roku 1648 […]; na ostatek w dzien Swietey Katarzyny rano roku blisko przeszłego 1653 także gorzałkę palali.

Summa Prowentow wszytkich z Miasta z Targowym y Miarami Czyni — fl 2239. Na marginesie karty: 2239, kwarta 447 złotych 24 grosze.

Jurgielt. Na Starostwie Łukowskim iest Jurgielt JKMści Panu dzisieyszemu Oborskiemu Staroscie Liwskiemu Privilegio Serenissimi olim Vladislai Quarti Regis, quotannis po Złotych Trzy tysiące Polskich conferowany. […] czego my niewdawaiąc sie in Cognitią odsełamy to cale na Seym przyszły pro decisione JKM. Pana Naszego Miłościwego et Ordinum Regni.

Wsi ktore y z Folwarkiem do tego Starostwa należą, na ten Czas propter Suspitionem pestis Lustrowac nie mogliśmy, aż tym one do przeszłey bytnosci naszey in Lustrando zostawiwszy, do lustrowania inszych Dzierżaw przystąpiliśmy.

In translation. The Jews pay from their houses a lump rent of 100 złoty to the castle, for tallow. As the basis of their settlement they produced a confirmation of their privileges by John Casimir, given at Warsaw on 30 November 1649, in which two privileges are listed: that of Sigismund III, from Warsaw, of 20 April 1589, granting them all the rights and liberties which the burghers of Łuków enjoy, and that of Władysław IV from Cracow, from the coronation Sejm, of 3 March 1633 — concerning the synagogue and the cemetery where they bury their dead, and also the whole of trade, propination and other liberties. They also produced the agreements made with the burghers of Łuków in 1590, by which they were admitted to the municipal liberties on condition of bearing all municipal burdens together with the burghers, and the relation decree of Władysław IV of the Monday after Saint James the Apostle 1647, issued at Warsaw in the burghers’ suit against them. Finally they produced a royal decree on their obligations towards the castle, from which it appears that from slaughter they give 150 złoty a year, applied to the castle court chancery. The burghers brought a counter-complaint of abuse of the agreements and breach of the said decree of 1647. The total of all the town’s income, with the market dues and the measures, is 2239 złoty. On the starosty there rests a pension of 3000 złoty a year for Oborski, starosta of Liw, granted by a privilege of Władysław IV; the commissioners do not settle the question of deducting it from the kwarta account and refer it to the coming Sejm. The villages belonging to the starosty, together with the grange, they could not survey because of the suspicion of pestilence and left them to the next circuit.

The 1659–1660 survey — the text

The same rules of transcription as above. Scope: the whole Łuków part, down to the place where the villages of the starosty begin.

The Łuków starosty · The town of Łuków

Starostwa tego Possesorem Wielm[ożny] JMP. Stanisław na Domaszownicy Domaszowski Widlica Rotmistrz JKM. vigore Privilegij od JKMPNM. dat[i] in Castris ad Cracov[iam] die 23 Mensis Julij A[nn]o 1657, p[os]t decessu[m] M[a]g[nifi]ci Bartholomaei Kazanowski benigne collati. Jest Relat[i]o apprehensae Intromiss[ionis] in bona Capitaneatus eiusdem coram Actis Castren[sibus] Lucovien[sibus] F[eri]a 4ta p[os]t Festu[m] S. Bartholomaei proxima A[nn]o 1657 recognita.

Produkowano y Quit Skarbowy z zapłacenia Quarty pro A[nn]o 1660 według Decretu Tribunału Radom[skiego] w Roku 1658 odprawowanego, Simple po fl 70 / 27.

Burmistrz y Rayce originalnego Locationis Miasteczka tego nieproducowali Przywileiu twierdząc że ab immemorabili tempore casu aliquo perijt. Reproduxerunt Confirmationem Serenis[simae] memor[iae] Sigismundi III. Dat[am] Vars[aviae] in Conventu Regni Gen[er]ali die 16 Mens[is] Martij A[nn]o 1589 Plebiscitum […], którego są takowe contenta: Aby od tego czasu żaden Chrześcianin niemógł ani śmiał Domu albo Gruntu swego Żydowi przedawać, dawać albo darować ani mu naymować pod Winą 100 Grzywien […] Tedy przedsię zapisu przedawania Domu naymu Vrząd Mieyski przyimować niema, a ieśliby przyiąt taki zapis niema mieć mocy, a gdzieby się kto taki znalazł żeby mimo Vrząd mieyski Łukow[ski] przed którymkolwiek innym urzędem Krolewskim Grodzkim Ziemskim Mieyskim chciał zapis czynić, albo iakimkolwiek praetextem possessią Żydowi puszczać — tak każdy ma bydź karany takowąsz winą 100 grzyw[ien] y od Miasta odkazany bydź ma, a Żydowi któryby possessiey tey dostawał, on zapis niema bydź pomocen y ten Żyd ma podlegać karaniu 100 grzywn y odkazaniu […] Miasta. Vrząd ma tego doyzrzeć żeby Żydowie w Rynku żadnego przedawania w Niedziele ani w żadne Święto oprócz Targow y Jarmarkow nieśmieli.

It[em] pokazali Confirmationes tak Ś. pamięci KJMci Władisława IV de A[nn]o 1633 iako y JKMPNM. dat[am] Vars[aviae] die 15. Mens[is] Martij A[nn]o 1651 binorum Privilegiorum Seren[issi]mi Sigis[mundi] III.: Vnius in A[nn]o 1623 dati, quo approbavit ad Civium Lucovien[sium] Jura Privilegia Decreta Consuetudines Plebiscita; Alterius Anni 1624 super liberam Electionem Trium Consulum singulis annis Feria secunda p[os]t D[omi]nicam Invocavit, quartum vero Capitaneus loci huius eligere atq[ue] Magistratum Cons[ularem] substituere p[oss]i[t].

It[em] są Przywileie Krolow J[ch]MM. ś. pamięci: Pierwszy Władisława […] in Szczekarzow Sab[ba]to in Vigilia Nativitatis S. Jo[ann]is Bapt[istae] A[nn]o 1403 przez ktory instituitur Jus Theutonicum alias Magdeburgen[se]. Drugi Regis Casimiri dat[um] in Lucov[ia] F[eria] 6ta p[os]t Festu[m] S. Stanislai in Maio A[nn]o 1455 super Foralia Septimanalia w ktorym per expressum haec clausula continetur: Inhibentes ut in Villis vicinis Lukow nulla Fora amplius fiant nec aliquae vendationes et emptiones quae possent impedire ipsum forum Septimanale in dicta Lucov[ia], quod et Nos inhibemus per praesentes. It[em] Privileg[ium] Reg[is] Alexandri de A[nn]o 1505 super Erectionem Praetorij, Stateris seu Librae, Pannitonsorij ac Camerarum Pistorum et Sutorum cum omni utilitate et proventu. It[em] Decretum Regis Sigismundi de A[nn]o 1513 […] temporibus perpetuis.

In translation. The holder of the starosty is Stanisław Domaszewski Widlica of Domaszewnica, rittmeister of the king, by virtue of a privilege issued in the camp before Cracow on 23 July 1657, graciously granted after the death of the magnificent Bartłomiej Kazanowski; the relation of taking possession of the starosty’s goods was recognised in the Łuków castle records on the Wednesday after Saint Bartholomew’s 1657. A treasury receipt was also produced for the payment of the kwarta for the year 1660, according to a decree of the Radom Tribunal of 1658, at the single rate — 70 złoty 27 groszy. The mayor and councillors did not produce the original foundation privilege, stating that it had been lost by some mischance in times beyond memory. They produced instead the confirmation of a municipal resolution by Sigismund III, given at the general Sejm in Warsaw on 16 March 1589, to this effect: that henceforth no Christian may dare to sell, give, bestow or let a house or ground to a Jew under a penalty of a hundred marks; the municipal office is not to accept such a deed, and one accepted has no force; and whoever should wish to make such a deed before another office or under any pretext to hand possession to a Jew is to be punished with the same penalty and banished from the town, and the Jew who took the possession is to suffer the same penalty and banishment. The office is also to see that the Jews do not sell in the Market Square on Sundays or feast days, outside markets and fairs. They further produced the confirmations by Władysław IV of 1633 and by John Casimir of 15 March 1651 of two privileges of Sigismund III: that of 1623, approving the rights, privileges, decrees, customs and resolutions of the burghers of Łuków, and that of 1624 on the free election of three councillors each year on the Monday after Invocavit Sunday, the fourth to be chosen by the starosta, who also installs the council office. There are also privileges of the old kings: of Władysław [Jagiełło] from Szczekarzów, of the Saturday of the vigil of the nativity of Saint John the Baptist 1403, establishing German law called Magdeburg law; of King Casimir, given at Łuków on the Friday after Saint Stanislaus in May 1455 for weekly markets, with an express clause: forbidding that in the villages neighbouring Łuków any markets be held, or any sales and purchases that might hinder the weekly market in Łuków — which We too forbid by these presents; the privilege of Alexander of 1505 for erecting a town hall, a weigh-house, a cloth-shearing shop and stalls for bakers and shoemakers with all profit and income; the decree of Sigismund [I] of 1513 on grinding malt in the Łuków mill — for perpetual times.

Land rent · Houses

To Miasteczko zasiadło było originaliter według powieści Mieszczan — ponieważ originalnego zasadzenia Przywileiu nie maią, z którego byśmy się byli rectificowali — na Włokach N[ume]ro 30, których Trzy w Cały Łan includuntur. Teraz iako patet ex Abiuratis [odczyt niepewny] niemasz ieno Włok osiadłych N[ume]ro 18, odprzysiężonych 12.

Czynsz Mieszczanie tak z tych Włok iako Domow — wyiąwszy Grunty Podzamieckie ktore do Woytowstwa należą, y same Woytowskie — annuatim płacą po 9 fl 22 gr 9 den. Łanowy ten Czynsz powinni sami Mieszczanie między sobą według proporciey Gruntow składać, a tak złożony wszytek JMP. Staroście razem oddawać.

Bywało quondam Domow w Mieście, Krom Żydowyj, Podzamcza także Xiężych, N[ume]ro 102; z tych pustych było 45, osiadłych 57. Teraz iest Domow osiadłych N[ume]ro 37, z ktorych Czynsz includitur w Summę wzwyż opisaną przy Czynszu Łanowym; z osobna żadney z tych Domow JMP. Starosta n[on] participat pensiey.

Opowiedał się Vrząd Mieyski tuteczny iż nieznośne cierpią praeiudicium a personis Spiritualibus et Ecclesiasticis, ponieważ oni plurimum Fundi Civilis possident częścią per pia legata częścią titulo emptionis, z ktorych Gruntow onera Civilia ferre renuunt, contra om[ne]m aequitatem et Legis pub[li]cae obloquentiam. Nad to Piwa robią [odczyt niepewny] szynkuią, quo suo Facto victum Civibus adimunt et praeripiunt. Za czym że ci Possessores cuiuscunq[ue] sint conditionis niemogą eximi ab oneribus Fundi wynayduiemy.

In translation. The little town was originally settled — according to the burghers’ account, since they have no foundation privilege by which this might be corrected — on 30 hides, of which three make a whole łan. Now, as appears from the sworn statements, only 18 hides are inhabited, 12 sworn to. The municipal office complains that it suffers intolerable harm from clerical and ecclesiastical persons, since they hold much of the town ground — partly by pious bequests, partly by purchase — and refuse to bear the burdens of that ground, against all equity and in defiance of public law; moreover they brew beer and sell it, thereby taking and snatching away the burghers’ livelihood. The commissioners rule that such holders, of whatever estate they may be, cannot be exempted from the burdens of the ground.

Breweries · Malt measures · Weigh-house · Cloth-shearing shop · Bridge toll

Wolno Mieszczanom ex antiquo Browary swoie własne mieć, iakosz y maią. Piwo sobie w nich warzą, płacą od każdego Browaru Czynsz do Zamku po gr 6. Jest ad praes[ens] Browarow N[ume]ro 5, bywało ich przedtym kilkadziesiąt. […] Gorzałki Mieszczanie lubo im wolno niepalaią.

Zalewaią Mieszczanie Słody Piwne po Kor[cy] 5 — to iest Korci 4½ Jęczmienia a półkorca Pszenice, miarą Łukow[ską] w ktorey Garci 40. Słody Gorzałczane także po kor[cy] 5. Daią od Słodu każdego tak Piwnego iako y Gorzałczanego według postanowienia z JMP. Starostą po fl 1. Może do Roku bydź takowych Słodow Piwnych y Gorzałczanych N[ume]ro 100 — Fac[it] od nych fl 100.

Jest waga z ktorey Prowent Miastu należy iako świadczy Lustracya Anni 1654.

Postrzygalnia bywała quondam w Ratuszu z ktorey Czynsz Miastu należał. Tey ad praes[ens] niemasz.

Mostowe od kamiennego Mostu na Warszawskim Gościńcu ma należeć Miastu iuxta Privileg[ium] Sigis[mundi] I. dat[um] Petricov[iae] in Conventione Reg[ni] Gen[erali] F[eri]a 3tia ipso die S. Priscae A[nn]o 1530. Ktore to Mostowe maią wybierać a singulis equis Currus onustos et repletos ducentibus et trahen[tibus], nec n[on] a singulis bobus et equis gregatim ad vendend[um] extra procul praeter t[ame]n annua et publica Fora Civitati[s] et Oppidorum viciniorum pellentibus, per duos denarios minutos polon[icos] ab omnibus et singulis Mercator[ibus] Vector[ibus] et extran[eis] Currus suos mercibus aut alijs quibuscunq[ue] rebus onerat[os] ducen[tibus].

Markets and fairs · Toll · Bath-house

W tym mieyscie odprawuią się Jarmarki niżey opisane: 1 Głowny na Narodzenie Nayświętszey Panny, 2 także w Post wstąpiwszy. Oprocz tych dwu Głownych bywaią zwyczayne potoczne Jarmarki cztery, to iest na Poniedziałek Kwietny, na Przewodni, na Świątki y na S. Elżbietę. Targ zaś do Tygodnia raz w Poniedziałek odprawować się powinien.

Dostaie się tego Prowentu JMP. Staroście z Jarmarkow — Ktore teraz barzo słabe od lat Kilku począwszy od Incursiey Szwedzkiey bywaią, czemuśmy się y sami przypatrzyli, gdyśmy podczas Jarmarku wstąpiwszy w Post ad lustranda bona Capitaneat[us] ziechali — fl 100.

It[em] Myto wybieraią na JMP. Starostę od konia y Wołu po gr 1, ktorego z osobna Myta dostaie się annuatim po fl 100. Te Targi pobliżu Miasta, vig[or]e Privilegij supra connotati, bywać nie powinni.

Bywała quondam Łaznia na Podzamcu z ktorey Czyns Woytowstwu przynależał. Ta Łaznia z dawnych czasow spustoszała y żadnego nieczyni pożytku.

In translation. The income from the fairs comes to 100 złoty — for the fairs have been very weak for some years, beginning with the Swedish incursion, as the commissioners saw for themselves, having arrived to survey the goods of the starosty during the Shrovetide fair. A separate toll of a grosz from each horse and ox brings a further 100 złoty a year. Markets near the town, by virtue of the privilege mentioned above, ought not to be held.

Coronation and carriage money · War wagon · Mills · Pasture dues

Pitani Mieszczanie ieśliby zwyczayne na szczęśliwe Caronacyie Krolestwa Ich MM. oboyga pieniądze wypłacali — Dali Sprawę że takowey swoiey dosyć czynili powinności, iednak per iniu[riam] viam t[em]p[or]is Quity de persolutione poginęły.

Pieniędzy Podwodnych wypłacało to Miasto in 4plo po fl 48. Świadczy […] Lustrato[rum] że zapłacili pro A[nn]o 1653. Sam JMP. Starosta słowem swoim evicit że ante incursionem Sueticam nie zostawali […] o takowe pieniądze. Ale […] na ostatek Constit[utia] Novella Ktora ich uwalnia iako y insze Miasta Woiewodztwa Lubel[skiego] ab exolutione eiusd[em] Pensionis do lat tamże specificowanych — dla częstego barzo Posłow pogranicznych przeyścia.

Powinni Mieszczanie wyprawować pro expeditione g[e]n[er]ali bellica Wuz parą Koni z Żywnością et cum necessarijs bellicis, przy nim parę haydukow z Rinsztunkiem y inszemy potrzebamy na te Expedicyą potrzebnymi. […] że nullas praetermiserunt w tey mierze occasione[s].

Pierwszy Młyn pod Zamkiem ma koło iedno, ktore ob defectu[m] Wody częstokroć vacat; czasem gdy uberior copia aquae, na domową potrzebę może zemleć. Lustracya pierwsza Anni 1654 żadnego z niego nieordinowała także Prowentu. Był drugi Młyn Poważyn zwany o iednym także kole, ktory ogniem Nieprz[yjacielskim] cale iest zniesiony.

Pisze pomieniona Lustracya że na Gruntach y rolach mieyskich Spasze Mieszczanom należeć miało według dawnych disposiciy ktore na on czas producowali. Teraz to Spaszne do Starostwa usurpant, twierdząc iż przed lat Kilkudziesiąt Mieszczanie ob certos respectus ustąpili go byli JMP. Pawłowi Mniszkow[i] Staroście Łukow[skiemu], na ktorego possessią że praescriptio longissimi t[em]p[or]is zaszła.

In translation. Asked about the customary money for the happy coronations of both their Majesties, the burghers answered that they had done their duty, but that the receipts of payment had been lost through the adversity of the times. The town used to pay carriage money fourfold, 48 złoty; in the end a new constitution of the Sejm frees them from that payment — as it does the other towns of the Lublin Palatinate, for the years named in it, because of the very frequent passage of envoys from the borderlands. The first mill below the castle has a single wheel, which for lack of water often stands idle; the survey of 1654 likewise assigned no income from it. The second mill, called Poważyn, also with a single wheel, was utterly destroyed by enemy fire. The pasture dues, which according to the previous survey belonged to the burghers, the starosty now usurps, claiming that several decades ago the burghers ceded them for certain reasons to the starosta Paweł Mniszech, and that prescription of the longest time has run on his possession.

Use of the forest · The advocacy · Podzamcze

Lustratio toties specificata pisze że Mieszczanie przed nią pokazowali dawne disposicye na używanie Puszcze y Boru Łukow[skiego], a osobliwie Decret Ś. pamięci KJM. Zygmunta Aug[usta] A[nn]o 1555, ktorym concessa ipsis libera incisio arborum pro aedificijs suis, et lignorum pro usu foci, n[on] a[ute]m ad vendend[um]. Opowiedał się JMP. Starosta iakoby ta wolność Mieszczan […] wbrew Statutowi Krola Alexandra, Ktory pisze że Bona Regalia sine scitu Reip[ublicae] alienari n[on] possunt […] Co my dalszey JKM. Cognicyey reservamus.

Te Woytowstwo trzyma tenże JMP. Starosta za osobny[m] Praw[em]. Producował Consens JKMPNM. ad Eximend[um] de manibus Successor[um] M[a]g[nifi]ci Bartholomaei Kazanowski Castel[lani] Zawich[ostensis] Capitan[ei] Lucovien[sis] dat[um] Vars[aviae] die 18 Mens[is] Feb[ruarii] A[nn]o 1654. Lustrat[io] anterior A[nn]o 1616 czyni mentią że Podzamcze consistit na Gruncie Woytow[skim] y pod Jurisdictią Woytow[ską] iux[ta] Privilegium Loca[ti]onis Mieysca tego a Ser[enissi]mo Sigis[mundo] III. dat[um] Vars[aviae] die 28 Ap[rilis] A[nn]o 1624, Incolis ibid[em] concessu[m].

Producował JMP. Posso[r] dawnych lat disposicye tego Woytowstwa, a naprzod Introm[issionem] Nob. Derslai Karwowski Burgr[abii] et Civis Lucovien[sis] in bona eiusd[em] Advocatiae d[e] A[nn]o 1425. It[em] Actum Commiss[ionis] in[ter] Andream Patkowski et […] d[e] A[nn]o 1533 sup[er] Exemption[em] Advoc[atiae] Taxa Marc[arum] 114 [odczyt niepewny]. It[em] Introm[issionem] G. Nicolai Mniszek in Capitaneatu[m] Lucovien[sem] tu[m] et Advocatias atq[ue] Sculteias in A[nn]o 1572. It[em] Quietation[em] simile[m] A[nn]o 1633 per G. Constan[tiam] Filiam M[a]g[nifi]ci Erasmi Domaszewski Praefecti Stabuli Regni, M[a]g[nifi]co Bartholomaeo Kazanowski Capitan[e]o Lucovien[si] de Summis certisq[ue] nec non Summa 114 Marc[arum] polon[icarum] ex Advocatia Lucovien[si] provenien[tibus] recognitam.

Jest Decret Ś. pamięci KJM. Zygmunta III. między JMP. Erasmem Domaszewskim Podkuniuszym JKM. Starostą Łukow[skim] a Successorami JMP. Pawła Mniszka […] Vars[aviae] Sabbato p[os]t Festu[m] SS. Viti et Modesti Martyru[m] A[nn]o 1616 ferowany. […] Na ostatek y Quit JMP. Andrzeia Mniszka, Ktorym quituie JMP. Erasmego Domaszewskiego de persolutione Marc[arum] 114 Taxy z Woytowstwa Łukow[skiego] sub actu Sabbathi ip[s]o die Fest[i] Visitation[is] BMV. A[nn]o 1616.

Jest przy tym Mieyscie osobna Vlica albo Osada Ktorą Podzamczem zowią, według opisania pierwszey Lustraciey consistit mere na Gruncie Woytowskim y pod Jurisdictią Woytowską iux[ta] Privileg[ium] Loca[ti]onis […] à Seren[issi]mo olim Sigis[mundo] III. dat[um] Vars[aviae] die 28 Ap[rilis] A[nn]o 1624 […] cu[m] facultate Cerevisia[m] ac alia potionu[m] genera omnisq[ue] res quascunq[ue] quae vendi et revendi in Civitate [in]duci solent ibidem propinandi. Nastąpiła była tegoż Privileiu Confirmacya KJM Władisława IV. de A[nn]o 1633. Quae Privileg[ia] ad praes[en]s cor[am] Nobis reproducta n[on] fuerunt, quonia[m] p[er] incursio[nem] hostiu[m] perierunt.

In translation. The starosta holds the advocacy by a separate title: he produced a royal consent of 18 February 1654 to redeem it from the hands of the successors of Bartłomiej Kazanowski, castellan of Zawichost, starosta of Łuków. He also produced the old documents of the advocacy: the possession granted to the noble Dziersław Karwowski, burgrave and burgher of Łuków, in the goods of that advocacy in 1425; an act of commission of 1533 on the redemption of the advocacy with an assessment of 114 marks; the possession granted to the noble Mikołaj Mniszech in the Łuków starosty together with the advocacies and schulzes’ offices in 1572; a similar quittance of 1633, recognised by the noble Konstancja, daughter of the magnificent Erazm Domaszewski, Master of the Horse of the Crown, for the magnificent Bartłomiej Kazanowski, starosta of Łuków, from sums, among them the sum of 114 Polish marks arising from the Łuków advocacy. There is finally a decree of Sigismund III between Erazm Domaszewski, Deputy Master of the Horse to the king and starosta of Łuków, and the successors of Paweł Mniszech, issued at Warsaw on the Saturday after the feast of Saints Vitus and Modestus 1616, and a receipt of Andrzej Mniszech, by which he acquits Erazm Domaszewski of the payment of 114 marks of the Łuków advocacy’s assessment, of the Saturday on the very day of the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary 1616. The privileges of Podzamcze — by which its inhabitants could sell beer and all other drink there — were not produced to the commissioners, because they perished in the enemy incursion.

Right of patronage · Hospital · Bernardines

Kościoł w tym Mieyscie za incursią Kozacką ogniem zniesiony. Nowa Kaplica wybudowana sub Titulo Nativitatis BMV. Proboszczem iest JMX. Andrzey Bozicki [odczyt niepewny] Official Łukow[ski]. Beneficiu[m] to iest Collationis JKMci.

Opowiedał się JMX. Proboszcz naprzeciw Żydom Łukow[skim] że oni pobliżu Kościoła mieszkaią y dlatego, że circum circa opaszały Kościoł, Poświątnego przestronnego miec niemoze.

Był w tym Mieyscie Spital przy Kościołku S. Leonarda gdzie y Probostwo Juris Patronatus KJM. Fundacyą tego Spitala na dziesięcioro Vbostwa. Teraz ten Kościoł y Spital spalony przez Nieprz[yjaciela] iest.

Klasztor ten consistit na Gruntach mieyskich per Resigna[tiones] factas. Fundacyia iego iest przez [JMP.] Erasmego Domaszewskiego Koniuszego Koron[nego] Starostę Łukow[skiego] sub Titulo S. Crucis, dat[um] […] in Crastino S. Agnetis 1629. Liberaciey Mieysca tego per lege[m] pub[li]ca[m] iescze niemasz.

The guilds

Kuśnierze. Kuśnirzow iest w tym Mieyscie N[ume]ro 4. Czynszu od Rzemiosła niedaią. Świadczy Lustr[atio] A[nn]o 1654 iż mieli Privileg[ium] Confir[mationis] Articulorum Contubern[ii] sui od JKMPNM. dat[um] Vars[aviae] […] Jan[uarii] 1651 nadany, Ktory im przez Nieprz[yjaciela] zabrany. W tym Privileiu continebantur itide[m] Confirmation[es] eorunde[m] Articulor[um] per Seren[issi]mos Sigis[mundum] Aug[ustum] de A[nn]o 1558, Sigismundu[m] III. de Anno 1596 et Vladislau[m] IV. de A[nn]o 1633.

Szewcy. Szewcow w tym mieyscie iest N[ume]ro 6. Jatki swoie miec powinny y maią pod Ratuszem, a od tego Czynszu na Ratusz daią po fl 1/18. Opowiedali się ci Szewcy że od nych Czyns roczny z Jatki iedney po fl 6 na Rok dla JMP. Starosti wybieraią — co że iest z uciążeniem ich y przeciw zwyczaiowi uskarzali się. Dał sprawę JMP. Starosta że ten Czyns nie do Starostwa ale do Woytowstwa vigore originalis Privilegiy należec powinien. […] Tum demum per Sacr[am] Reg[iam] M[aies]t[a]t[em] D[omi]n[u]m N[ost]r[u]m Clemen[tissimum] Vars[aviae] die 30 Men[sis] Aug[usti] A[nn]o 1658 ratificator[um].

Piekarze. Jest ad praes[ens] Piekarzow N[ume]ro 6, placą Czyns z Jatek annuatim po fl 6/6. Tymże sposobem iako y Szewci uskarzali się że czynszuią JMP. Staroscie.

Cyrulicy. Tych iest N[ume]ro 3, Ktorzy nic nieplacą ieno zostaią na posługę Zamkowey Kiedy tego potrzeba. Producowali Confirmac[ti]on[em] Contubernij sui od JKMPNM. dat[um] 30 Men[sis] Aug[usti] A[nn]o 1658.

Prasołowie. Prasołow iest N[ume]ro 2, Ktorzy (oprocz Targowego) Czynszu żadnego niedaią. Producowali Oblatę z Grodu Łukow[skiego] Privilegiy Ser[enissi]m[i] piae mem[oriae] Vlad[islai] IV. dat[um] Vars[aviae] die 24 Men[sis] Julij A[nn]o 1641. […] naznaczone mieysce Soli przedawania w Rynku w Mieyscie samym u Kościoła Farnego […] Czynszu na Ratusz do Roku Kazdy daie po fl 3.

Rzeźnicy. Bywało quondam w tym Mieyscie więcey Rzeznikow, bo teraz ieno się ieden Katholik pozostaie, Ktory ogołem z Żydamy Rzeznikamy Łoy nizey opisany JMP. Staroscie oddaie. Od Rzeznikow zaś postronnych ze Wsiow przychodnich Łopatki biorą do Dwora.

Kowale y inszi Rzemieslnicy. Świadczy anter[ior] Lustr[atio] że ci Rzemieslnicy — iako to Kowale, Ślusarze, Rimarze, Miecznicy, Stalmaszy, Kołodzieie, Szklarze, Passnici, Bednarze, […], Siodlarze, Stolarze, Kotlarze, Konwisarze, Czapnicy — mieli Cech swoy uprzywileiowany, y od Ś. pamieci KJMci Władislawa IV. przywileiem dat[um] Vars[aviae] die 10. Jan[uarii] 1646 swierdzony. Teraz tey Confirmaciey n[on] reproduxerunt bo im iest od Nieprzyia[ciela] zabrana.

Jews

Żydzi Łukow[scy] dawnieyszich Praw swoich niepokazały, twierdząc że pod czas incursiey Nieprzyiacielskiey ogniem są zagubione. Producowały Przywiley JKMPNM. dat[um] Vars[aviae] die 10 Men[sis] Maij A[nn]o 1659, Ktorym conceditur ipsis omnimoda facultas et plenaria potestas extruendi Domos et Synagoga[m] in Fundis suis proprijs ex arbore sive ex lapide pro libitu. It[em] conservari [i]ide[m] Judaei Lucovien[ses] circa om[ne]s Consuetudines, libertates, et Privilegia antiqua (quae ipsis igne per hoste[m] sublata ad praes[en]s innovan[tu]r) […] cu[m] libera om[n]is g[ene]ris mercatura tam in domib[us] quam in Institis exercenda, libera Cocturae divenditione et propinatione Cerevisiae, Mulsi et Cremati iu[x]ta usu[m] et praxim antiquam […].

Pokazali także Mandat od KJM. dzisieyszego dnia 29 Men[sis] Marca Roku 1659 do Vrzędu Mieyskiego dany, Ktorym JKM. przykazuie aby tych Żydow do połowy Składek Mieyskich na Żołnierza […] nieprzymuszali, ale tylko ducta proportione ich Domow […]; na ostatek żeby ich nowemy y do upodobania swego wymislnemy Podatkamy nieopprimowali, ale ich całe przy dawnych zwyczaiach Zachowaly.

Maią także Decret Relacyni felicis recordationis KJM. Wład[ysława] IV. […] Anni 1638 […] quo[ad] additamenta Synagogar[um] vulgo Przykołki tam pro sexu foemineo quam masculis Judaeis in quibuscunq[ue] Civitatib[us] et Oppidis Regni N[ost]ri quotquot sunt extructa perpetuo, salvis t[ame]n Jurib[us] Ecclesiae Cath[olicae] Romanae […] sed tantum si quae conflagratae sive collapsae aut deterioratae antea sint vel fuerint, in iisde[m] locis in quib[us] extiterant restaurent et exaedificent statuimus ac sancimus.

Placili ci Żydzi Czyns przedtym ogołem JMP. Staroscie po fl 100. Teraz że się ich uplenilo, bo ich pod 1000 Nieprzyiaciel wyciął, niedaią ieno — fl 80.

Jest Kilka Zydow Rzeznikow Ktorzy oraz y z iednym Katholikiem daią JMP. Staroscie od Rzezy Łoiu Kamieni N[ume]ro 10, Kamien rachuiąc po fl 4 — Fac[it] 40.

Summa o[mn]ium Proventuu[m] de Oppido ac Judaeis fl — kwoty nie wpisano, rubryka pusta […].

In translation. The privilege of 10 May 1659 gives the Jews of Łuków full liberty to build houses and a synagogue on their own grounds, of timber or of stone, at their pleasure, and keeps them in all their customs, liberties and old privileges — those which the enemy destroyed by fire and which are hereby renewed — together with free trade of every kind, in houses as in stalls, and free brewing, sale and retail of beer, mead and spirits according to ancient usage. The decree of Władysław IV of 1638 preserves the annexes of synagogues, called in Polish przykołki, for women as for men, in all the towns of the Kingdom, saving the rights of the Catholic Church — but at the same time it lays down that no new synagogues may be raised without a separate royal consent, and only those burnt, fallen or ruined may be rebuilt, in the very places where they stood.

The grange by the town

Pole z KJM. trzecie Woytow[skie] [odczyt niepewny], Kop Sześ Kor[cy] Łukow[skich]. Exclusa Dziesięcina, Ktorą oddaią do Probostwa Łukow[skiego].

Crescentia	Trituratio	Seminatio	Resta	Taxa	Summa
Winter rye 50	korzec 50	korzec 20	korzec 30	fl 2/15	fl 75
Barley 20	korzec 25	korzec 7	korzec 18	fl 2/3	fl 37/24
Oats 30	korzec 45	korzec 15	korzec 30	fl 1/3	fl 33
Peas 4	korzec 4	korzec 1	korzec 3	fl 3/6	fl 9/18
Buckwheat 10	korzec 5	korzec 3	korzec 2	fl 1/3	fl 2/6

Siana nierachuie się bo na domową potrzebę wychodzi, ponieważ JMP. Dzierzawca Kozakow do pilnowania chowa Puszczy. O oborę prawnie agit cum Success[oribus] M[a]g[nifi]ci Bartholomaei Kazanowskiego […].

Summa Praedij Fac[it] fl 157 / 18.

In translation. The columns of the table mean, in order: crescentia — the crop (how many sheaves were reaped), trituratio — the threshing (how many korzec were threshed out), seminatio — the sowing (how much was set aside for seed), resta — the remainder for sale; taxa is the price of a korzec, summa the value of the remainder. The tithe is excluded from this account, because it goes to the Łuków living. The hay is not counted, because it goes on the household’s own needs: the lessee keeps Cossacks to guard the forest. Over the cattle-yard he is at law with the successors of Bartłomiej Kazanowski. The total of the grange comes to 157 złoty 18 groszy — and that is exactly what the five rows of the table add up to.

Here the town part ends. Further down, on the same leaf, the villages of the starosty begin — with Krynka.

What could not be read

There are a dozen or so places marked “[…]” in the two texts, and they fall into three kinds. The first are words rubbed away or covered by ink bleeding through — most of them in the Latin argument about synagogues (1659–1660, fol. 95) and in the passages on tithes (1653, fol. 61). The second are chancery abbreviations I cannot expand with certainty — for example the word before the heading “Łanowe” in the 1653 survey, legible as four or five characters and standing most probably for some kind of measurement or register of the town. The third are surnames and place names: the parish priest’s name of 1659 I read as “Bozicki”, but I do not vouch for it; likewise the name of a village of the starosty in the 1653 passage on tithes.

Two readings, one survey correcting the other. The name of the mill is written clearly in 1653 as Powadzyński, and just as clearly in 1659–1660 as Poważyn. We do not smooth this over: both readings are certain, and the difference belongs to the source. Likewise, in the list of crafts associated with the smiths, the word that is barely legible in the 1659–1660 survey stands plainly in 1653 as Powroźnicy (ropemakers) — and that is how we expand it here.

Where this is taken from

Central Archives of Historical Records in Warsaw (AGAD), Metryka Koronna. The 1653 survey — Lustracya Woiewodztwa Lubelskiego Anni 1653, ref. 1/4/0/8/40, fols. 54–73 (scans 59–78 of 148): the scan at Szukaj w Archiwach. The 1659–1660 survey — Lustratio in palatinatu Lublinensi A.D. 1659 et 1660 peracta, ref. 1/4/0/8/39, fols. 84–96 (scans 89–101 of 224): the scan at Szukaj w Archiwach. Read, transcribed and translated from the original scans.